Panda3D Manual: Text Node
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The most fundamental way to render text in Panda3D is via the `TextNode` interface. This may be a little more work than the OnscreenText or DirectLabel objects, but it gives you a lot more control over the appearance of the text. To use a TextNode, simply create one and call `setText()` to set the actual text to display, and then parent the TextNode wherever you like (you can put it under aspect2d to make a 2-d onscreen text, or you can put it in the 3-d world for in-the-world text). Note that if you parent the text to render2d or aspect2d, you will probably need to give it a fairly small scale, since the coordinate space of the whole screen in render2d is in the range (-1, 1).
text = TextNode('node name') text.setText("Every day in every way I'm getting better and better.") textNodePath = aspect2d.attachNewNode(text) textNodePath.setScale(0.07)
Note that the TextNode constructor takes a string name, which is not related to the text that is to be displayed. Also note that the default text color is white; we show it as black in these examples to make it easier to see on the white background. There are a large number of properties that you can specify on the TextNode to control the appearance of your text. ### Font
cmr12 = loader.loadFont('cmr12.egg') text.setFont(cmr12)
You may use any font you like, including a TTF file; see Text Fonts. ### Small Caps
text.setSmallCaps(1)
`setSmallCaps()` accepts a boolean true or false value; set it true to enable small caps mode. In this mode, instead of rendering lowercase letters, the TextNode renders capital letters that are a bit smaller than the true capital letters. This is an especially useful feature if your font of choice doesn't happen to include lowercase letters. You can also specify the relative scale of the "lowercase" letters:
text.setSmallCapsScale(0.4)
Where 1.0 is exactly the same size as the capital letters, and 0.5 is half the size. The default is 0.8. ### Slant
text.setSlant(0.3)
Slant can be used to give an effect similar to italicizing. The parameter value is 0.0 for no slant, or 1.0 for a 45-degree rightward slant. Usually values in the range 0.2 to 0.3 give a pleasing effect. You can also use a negative number to give a reverse slant. ### Color
text.setTextColor(1, 0.5, 0.5, 1)
The color is specified with its r, g, b, a components. Note that if a is not 1, the text will be slightly transparent. ### Shadow
text.setShadow(0.05, 0.05) text.setShadowColor(0, 0, 0, 1)
A shadow is another copy of the text, drawn behind the original text and offset slightly to the right and down. It can help make the text stand out from its background, especially when there is not a high contrast between the text color and the background color. (The text color in this example is exactly the same pink color used in the example above, but note how much clearer it is with the shadow.) The downside of a shadow is that it doubles the number of polygons required to render the text. Setting a shadow requires two calls: `setShadow()` accepts a pair of numbers indicating the distance to shift the shadow right and down, respectively, in screen units; these are usually very small numbers like 0.05. `setShadowColor()` accepts the r, g, b, a color of the shadow; the default is white. ### Wordwrap By default, text will be formatted on one line, unless it includes newline characters. Enabling wordwrap will automatically break the text into multiple lines if it doesn't fit within the specified width.
text.setWordwrap(15.0)
The parameter to `setWordwrap()` should be the maximum width of each line, in screen units. ### Alignment Text is left-aligned by default; that is, it starts at the position you specify with textNodePath.setPos() and goes out to the right from there. If you have multiple lines of text, you may prefer to center the text or right-align it instead:
text.setAlign(TextNode.ACenter)
The parameter to `setAlign()` should be one of `TextNode.ALeft`, `TextNode.ACenter`, or `TextNode.ARight`. Note that changing the alignment of the text will shift its position relative to the starting point. ### Frame You can specify that a thin frame should be drawn around the entire text rectangle:
text.setFrameColor(0, 0, 1, 1) text.setFrameAsMargin(0.2, 0.2, 0.1, 0.1)
As with the shadow, specifying a frame requires two calls; one to specify the color, and another to specify the dimensions of the frame. The call `setFrameAsMargin()` specifies four parameters, which represent the amount of space to insert between the edge of the text and the frame on the left, right, bottom, and top edges, respectively. All four parameters can be 0.0 to tightly enclose the text (although some fonts render a little bit outside their reported boundaries). ### Card Finally, you can draw a solid card behind the text rectangle:
text.setCardColor(1, 1, 0.5, 1) text.setCardAsMargin(0, 0, 0, 0)
This can also help to make the text easier to read when it is against a similar-colored background. Often, you will want the card to be semitransparent, which you can achieve by specifying an alpha value of 0.2 or 0.3 to the `setCardColor()` method. The parameters to `setCardAsMargin()` are the same as those for `setFrameAsMargin()`, above: the distance to extend the card beyond the left, right, bottom, and top edges, respectively. (In this example, we have both the card and the frame on at the same time, and you can see that the card exactly fits the text, while the frame extends a little bit beyond--showing the effects of the slightly different parameters passed to `setFrameAsMargin()` and `setCardAsMargin()` in this example.) ## Picking a Text Node Strictly speaking, a TextNode has no geometry, so you can't pick it. There are two possible workarounds. (1) Create your own card to go behind the TextNode, using e.g. CardMaker. You should be able to say cardMaker.setFrame(textNode.getFrameActual()) to set the card to be the same dimensions as the text's frame. Then you will need to either offset the text a few inches in front of the card to prevent Z-fighting, or explicitly decal the text onto the card, with something like this:
card = NodePath(cardMaker.generate()) tnp = card.attachNewNode(textNode) card.setEffect(DecalEffect.make())
(2) Instead of parenting the TextNode directly to the scene, parent the node returned by textNode.generate() instead. This will be a static node that contains the polygons that render the text. If the text changes in the future, it won't automatically update the geometry in this node; you will have to replace this node with the new result of textNode.generate(). But this node will be 100% pickable. In particular, if you have specified textNode.setCardDecal(1), then the first child of the node should be the card geometry.
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