tinyxmlparser.cpp

/*
www.sourceforge.net/projects/tinyxml
Original code (2.0 and earlier )copyright (c) 2000-2002 Lee Thomason (www.grinninglizard.com)
 
This software is provided 'as-is', without any express or implied 
warranty. In no event will the authors be held liable for any 
damages arising from the use of this software.
 
Permission is granted to anyone to use this software for any 
purpose, including commercial applications, and to alter it and 
redistribute it freely, subject to the following restrictions:
 
1. The origin of this software must not be misrepresented; you must 
not claim that you wrote the original software. If you use this
software in a product, an acknowledgment in the product documentation
would be appreciated but is not required.
 
2. Altered source versions must be plainly marked as such, and 
must not be misrepresented as being the original software.
 
3. This notice may not be removed or altered from any source 
distribution.
*/
 
#include <ctype.h>
#include <stddef.h>
 
#include "tinyxml.h"
 
//#define DEBUG_PARSER
#if defined( DEBUG_PARSER )
# if defined( DEBUG ) && defined( _MSC_VER )
#   include <windows.h>
#   define TIXML_LOG OutputDebugString
# else
#   define TIXML_LOG printf
# endif
#endif
 
// Note tha "PutString" hardcodes the same list. This
// is less flexible than it appears. Changing the entries
// or order will break putstring. 
TiXmlBase::Entity TiXmlBase::entity[ NUM_ENTITY ] = 
{
  { "&amp;",  5, '&' },
  { "&lt;",   4, '<' },
  { "&gt;",   4, '>' },
  { "&quot;", 6, '\"' },
  { "&apos;", 6, '\'' }
};
 
// Bunch of unicode info at:
//    http://www.unicode.org/faq/utf_bom.html
// Including the basic of this table, which determines the #bytes in the
// sequence from the lead byte. 1 placed for invalid sequences --
// although the result will be junk, pass it through as much as possible.
// Beware of the non-characters in UTF-8: 
//        ef bb bf (Microsoft "lead bytes")
//        ef bf be
//        ef bf bf 
 
const unsigned char TIXML_UTF_LEAD_0 = 0xefU;
const unsigned char TIXML_UTF_LEAD_1 = 0xbbU;
const unsigned char TIXML_UTF_LEAD_2 = 0xbfU;
 
const int TiXmlBase::utf8ByteTable[256] = 
{
  //  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f
    1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // 0x00
    1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // 0x10
    1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // 0x20
    1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // 0x30
    1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // 0x40
    1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // 0x50
    1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // 0x60
    1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // 0x70 End of ASCII range
    1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // 0x80 0x80 to 0xc1 invalid
    1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // 0x90 
    1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // 0xa0 
    1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // 0xb0 
    1,  1,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  // 0xc0 0xc2 to 0xdf 2 byte
    2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  // 0xd0
    3,  3,  3,  3,  3,  3,  3,  3,  3,  3,  3,  3,  3,  3,  3,  3,  // 0xe0 0xe0 to 0xef 3 byte
    4,  4,  4,  4,  4,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1 // 0xf0 0xf0 to 0xf4 4 byte, 0xf5 and higher invalid
};
 
 
void TiXmlBase::ConvertUTF32ToUTF8( unsigned long input, char* output, int* length )
{
  const unsigned long BYTE_MASK = 0xBF;
  const unsigned long BYTE_MARK = 0x80;
  const unsigned long FIRST_BYTE_MARK[7] = { 0x00, 0x00, 0xC0, 0xE0, 0xF0, 0xF8, 0xFC };
 
  if (input < 0x80) 
    *length = 1;
  else if ( input < 0x800 )
    *length = 2;
  else if ( input < 0x10000 )
    *length = 3;
  else if ( input < 0x200000 )
    *length = 4;
  else
    { *length = 0; return; }  // This code won't covert this correctly anyway.
 
  output += *length;
 
  // Scary scary fall throughs.
  switch (*length) 
  {
    case 4:
      --output; 
      *output = (char)((input | BYTE_MARK) & BYTE_MASK); 
      input >>= 6;
    case 3:
      --output; 
      *output = (char)((input | BYTE_MARK) & BYTE_MASK); 
      input >>= 6;
    case 2:
      --output; 
      *output = (char)((input | BYTE_MARK) & BYTE_MASK); 
      input >>= 6;
    case 1:
      --output; 
      *output = (char)(input | FIRST_BYTE_MARK[*length]);
  }
}
 
 
/*static*/ int TiXmlBase::IsAlpha( unsigned char anyByte, TiXmlEncoding /*encoding*/ )
{
  // This will only work for low-ascii, everything else is assumed to be a valid
  // letter. I'm not sure this is the best approach, but it is quite tricky trying
  // to figure out alhabetical vs. not across encoding. So take a very 
  // conservative approach.
 
//  if ( encoding == TIXML_ENCODING_UTF8 )
//  {
    if ( anyByte < 127 )
      return isalpha( anyByte );
    else
      return 1; // What else to do? The unicode set is huge...get the english ones right.
//  }
//  else
//  {
//    return isalpha( anyByte );
//  }
}
 
 
/*static*/ int TiXmlBase::IsAlphaNum( unsigned char anyByte, TiXmlEncoding /*encoding*/ )
{
  // This will only work for low-ascii, everything else is assumed to be a valid
  // letter. I'm not sure this is the best approach, but it is quite tricky trying
  // to figure out alhabetical vs. not across encoding. So take a very 
  // conservative approach.
 
//  if ( encoding == TIXML_ENCODING_UTF8 )
//  {
    if ( anyByte < 127 )
      return isalnum( anyByte );
    else
      return 1; // What else to do? The unicode set is huge...get the english ones right.
//  }
//  else
//  {
//    return isalnum( anyByte );
//  }
}
 
 
class TiXmlParsingData
{
  friend class TiXmlDocument;
  public:
  void Stamp( const char* now, TiXmlEncoding encoding );
 
  const TiXmlCursor& Cursor() { return cursor; }
 
  private:
  // Only used by the document!
  TiXmlParsingData( const char* start, int _tabsize, int row, int col )
  {
    assert( start );
    stamp = start;
    tabsize = _tabsize;
    cursor.row = row;
    cursor.col = col;
  }
 
  TiXmlCursor   cursor;
  const char*   stamp;
  int       tabsize;
};
 
 
void TiXmlParsingData::Stamp( const char* now, TiXmlEncoding encoding )
{
  assert( now );
 
  // Do nothing if the tabsize is 0.
  if ( tabsize < 1 )
  {
    return;
  }
 
  // Get the current row, column.
  int row = cursor.row;
  int col = cursor.col;
  const char* p = stamp;
  assert( p );
 
  while ( p < now )
  {
    // Treat p as unsigned, so we have a happy compiler.
    const unsigned char* pU = (const unsigned char*)p;
 
    // Code contributed by Fletcher Dunn: (modified by lee)
    switch (*pU) {
      case 0:
        // We *should* never get here, but in case we do, don't
        // advance past the terminating null character, ever
        return;
 
      case '\r':
        // bump down to the next line
        ++row;
        col = 0;        
        // Eat the character
        ++p;
 
        // Check for \r\n sequence, and treat this as a single character
        if (*p == '\n') {
          ++p;
        }
        break;
 
      case '\n':
        // bump down to the next line
        ++row;
        col = 0;
 
        // Eat the character
        ++p;
 
        // Check for \n\r sequence, and treat this as a single
        // character.  (Yes, this bizarre thing does occur still
        // on some arcane platforms...)
        if (*p == '\r') {
          ++p;
        }
        break;
 
      case '\t':
        // Eat the character
        ++p;
 
        // Skip to next tab stop
        col = (col / tabsize + 1) * tabsize;
        break;
 
      case TIXML_UTF_LEAD_0:
        if ( encoding == TIXML_ENCODING_UTF8 )
        {
          if ( *(p+1) && *(p+2) )
          {
            // In these cases, don't advance the column. These are
            // 0-width spaces.
            if ( *(pU+1)==TIXML_UTF_LEAD_1 && *(pU+2)==TIXML_UTF_LEAD_2 )
              p += 3; 
            else if ( *(pU+1)==0xbfU && *(pU+2)==0xbeU )
              p += 3; 
            else if ( *(pU+1)==0xbfU && *(pU+2)==0xbfU )
              p += 3; 
            else
              { p +=3; ++col; } // A normal character.
          }
        }
        else
        {
          ++p;
          ++col;
        }
        break;
 
      default:
        if ( encoding == TIXML_ENCODING_UTF8 )
        {
          // Eat the 1 to 4 byte utf8 character.
          int step = TiXmlBase::utf8ByteTable[*((const unsigned char*)p)];
          if ( step == 0 )
            step = 1;   // Error case from bad encoding, but handle gracefully.
          p += step;
 
          // Just advance one column, of course.
          ++col;
        }
        else
        {
          ++p;
          ++col;
        }
        break;
    }
  }
  cursor.row = row;
  cursor.col = col;
  assert( cursor.row >= -1 );
  assert( cursor.col >= -1 );
  stamp = p;
  assert( stamp );
}
 
 
const char* TiXmlBase::SkipWhiteSpace( const char* p, TiXmlEncoding encoding )
{
  if ( !p || !*p )
  {
    return nullptr;
  }
  if ( encoding == TIXML_ENCODING_UTF8 )
  {
    while ( *p )
    {
      const unsigned char* pU = (const unsigned char*)p;
      
      // Skip the stupid Microsoft UTF-8 Byte order marks
      if (  *(pU+0)==TIXML_UTF_LEAD_0
         && *(pU+1)==TIXML_UTF_LEAD_1 
         && *(pU+2)==TIXML_UTF_LEAD_2 )
      {
        p += 3;
        continue;
      }
      else if(*(pU+0)==TIXML_UTF_LEAD_0
         && *(pU+1)==0xbfU
         && *(pU+2)==0xbeU )
      {
        p += 3;
        continue;
      }
      else if(*(pU+0)==TIXML_UTF_LEAD_0
         && *(pU+1)==0xbfU
         && *(pU+2)==0xbfU )
      {
        p += 3;
        continue;
      }
 
      if ( IsWhiteSpace( *p ) )   // Still using old rules for white space.
        ++p;
      else
        break;
    }
  }
  else
  {
    while ( *p && IsWhiteSpace( *p ) )
      ++p;
  }
 
  return p;
}
 
#ifdef TIXML_USE_STL
/*static*/ bool TiXmlBase::StreamWhiteSpace( std::istream * in, TIXML_STRING * tag )
{
  for( ;; )
  {
    if ( !in->good() ) return false;
 
    int c = in->peek();
    // At this scope, we can't get to a document. So fail silently.
    if ( !IsWhiteSpace( c ) || c <= 0 )
      return true;
 
    *tag += (char) in->get();
  }
}
 
/*static*/ bool TiXmlBase::StreamTo( std::istream * in, int character, TIXML_STRING * tag )
{
  //assert( character > 0 && character < 128 ); // else it won't work in utf-8
  while ( in->good() )
  {
    int c = in->peek();
    if ( c == character )
      return true;
    if ( c <= 0 )   // Silent failure: can't get document at this scope
      return false;
 
    in->get();
    *tag += (char) c;
  }
  return false;
}
#endif
 
// One of TinyXML's more performance demanding functions. Try to keep the memory overhead down. The
// "assign" optimization removes over 10% of the execution time.
//
const char* TiXmlBase::ReadName( const char* p, TIXML_STRING * name, TiXmlEncoding encoding )
{
  // Oddly, not supported on some comilers,
  //name->clear();
  // So use this:
  *name = "";
  assert( p );
 
  // Names start with letters or underscores.
  // Of course, in unicode, tinyxml has no idea what a letter *is*. The
  // algorithm is generous.
  //
  // After that, they can be letters, underscores, numbers,
  // hyphens, or colons. (Colons are valid ony for namespaces,
  // but tinyxml can't tell namespaces from names.)
  if (    p && *p 
     && ( IsAlpha( (unsigned char) *p, encoding ) || *p == '_' ) )
  {
    const char* start = p;
    while(    p && *p
        &&  (   IsAlphaNum( (unsigned char ) *p, encoding ) 
             || *p == '_'
             || *p == '-'
             || *p == '.'
             || *p == ':' ) )
    {
      //(*name) += *p; // expensive
      ++p;
    }
    if ( p-start > 0 ) {
      name->assign( start, p-start );
    }
    return p;
  }
  return nullptr;
}
 
const char* TiXmlBase::GetEntity( const char* p, char* value, int* length, TiXmlEncoding encoding )
{
  // Presume an entity, and pull it out.
    TIXML_STRING ent;
  int i;
  *length = 0;
 
  if ( *(p+1) && *(p+1) == '#' && *(p+2) )
  {
    unsigned long ucs = 0;
    ptrdiff_t delta = 0;
    unsigned mult = 1;
 
    if ( *(p+2) == 'x' )
    {
      // Hexadecimal.
      if ( !*(p+3) ) return nullptr;
 
      const char* q = p+3;
      q = strchr( q, ';' );
 
      if ( !q || !*q ) return nullptr;
 
      delta = q-p;
      --q;
 
      while ( *q != 'x' )
      {
        if ( *q >= '0' && *q <= '9' )
          ucs += mult * (*q - '0');
        else if ( *q >= 'a' && *q <= 'f' )
          ucs += mult * (*q - 'a' + 10);
        else if ( *q >= 'A' && *q <= 'F' )
          ucs += mult * (*q - 'A' + 10 );
        else 
          return nullptr;
        mult *= 16;
        --q;
      }
    }
    else
    {
      // Decimal.
      if ( !*(p+2) ) return nullptr;
 
      const char* q = p+2;
      q = strchr( q, ';' );
 
      if ( !q || !*q ) return nullptr;
 
      delta = q-p;
      --q;
 
      while ( *q != '#' )
      {
        if ( *q >= '0' && *q <= '9' )
          ucs += mult * (*q - '0');
        else 
          return nullptr;
        mult *= 10;
        --q;
      }
    }
    if ( encoding == TIXML_ENCODING_UTF8 )
    {
      // convert the UCS to UTF-8
      ConvertUTF32ToUTF8( ucs, value, length );
    }
    else
    {
      *value = (char)ucs;
      *length = 1;
    }
    return p + delta + 1;
  }
 
  // Now try to match it.
  for( i=0; i<NUM_ENTITY; ++i )
  {
    if ( strncmp( entity[i].str, p, entity[i].strLength ) == 0 )
    {
      assert( strlen( entity[i].str ) == entity[i].strLength );
      *value = entity[i].chr;
      *length = 1;
      return ( p + entity[i].strLength );
    }
  }
 
  // So it wasn't an entity, its unrecognized, or something like that.
  *value = *p;  // Don't put back the last one, since we return it!
  //*length = 1;  // Leave unrecognized entities - this doesn't really work.
          // Just writes strange XML.
  return p+1;
}
 
 
bool TiXmlBase::StringEqual( const char* p,
               const char* tag,
               bool ignoreCase,
               TiXmlEncoding encoding )
{
  assert( p );
  assert( tag );
  if ( !p || !*p )
  {
    assert( 0 );
    return false;
  }
 
  const char* q = p;
 
  if ( ignoreCase )
  {
    while ( *q && *tag && ToLower( *q, encoding ) == ToLower( *tag, encoding ) )
    {
      ++q;
      ++tag;
    }
 
    if ( *tag == 0 )
      return true;
  }
  else
  {
    while ( *q && *tag && *q == *tag )
    {
      ++q;
      ++tag;
    }
 
    if ( *tag == 0 )    // Have we found the end of the tag, and everything equal?
      return true;
  }
  return false;
}
 
const char* TiXmlBase::ReadText(  const char* p, 
                  TIXML_STRING * text, 
                  bool trimWhiteSpace, 
                  const char* endTag, 
                  bool caseInsensitive,
                  TiXmlEncoding encoding )
{
    *text = "";
  if (    !trimWhiteSpace     // certain tags always keep whitespace
     || !condenseWhiteSpace ) // if true, whitespace is always kept
  {
    // Keep all the white space.
    while (    p && *p
        && !StringEqual( p, endTag, caseInsensitive, encoding )
        )
    {
      int len;
      char cArr[4] = { 0, 0, 0, 0 };
      p = GetChar( p, cArr, &len, encoding );
      text->append( cArr, len );
    }
  }
  else
  {
    bool whitespace = false;
 
    // Remove leading white space:
    p = SkipWhiteSpace( p, encoding );
    while (    p && *p
        && !StringEqual( p, endTag, caseInsensitive, encoding ) )
    {
      if ( *p == '\r' || *p == '\n' )
      {
        whitespace = true;
        ++p;
      }
      else if ( IsWhiteSpace( *p ) )
      {
        whitespace = true;
        ++p;
      }
      else
      {
        // If we've found whitespace, add it before the
        // new character. Any whitespace just becomes a space.
        if ( whitespace )
        {
          (*text) += ' ';
          whitespace = false;
        }
        int len;
        char cArr[4] = { 0, 0, 0, 0 };
        p = GetChar( p, cArr, &len, encoding );
        if ( len == 1 )
          (*text) += cArr[0]; // more efficient
        else
          text->append( cArr, len );
      }
    }
  }
  if ( p && *p ) 
    p += strlen( endTag );
  return p;
}
 
#ifdef TIXML_USE_STL
 
void TiXmlDocument::StreamIn( std::istream * in, TIXML_STRING * tag )
{
  // The basic issue with a document is that we don't know what we're
  // streaming. Read something presumed to be a tag (and hope), then
  // identify it, and call the appropriate stream method on the tag.
  //
  // This "pre-streaming" will never read the closing ">" so the
  // sub-tag can orient itself.
 
  if ( !StreamTo( in, '<', tag ) ) 
  {
    SetError( TIXML_ERROR_PARSING_EMPTY, nullptr, nullptr, TIXML_ENCODING_UNKNOWN );
    return;
  }
 
  while ( in->good() )
  {
    int tagIndex = (int) tag->length();
    while ( in->good() && in->peek() != '>' )
    {
      int c = in->get();
      if ( c <= 0 )
      {
        SetError( TIXML_ERROR_EMBEDDED_NULL, nullptr, nullptr, TIXML_ENCODING_UNKNOWN );
        break;
      }
      (*tag) += (char) c;
    }
 
    if ( in->good() )
    {
      // We now have something we presume to be a node of 
      // some sort. Identify it, and call the node to
      // continue streaming.
      TiXmlNode* node = Identify( tag->c_str() + tagIndex, TIXML_DEFAULT_ENCODING );
 
      if ( node )
      {
        node->StreamIn( in, tag );
        bool isElement = node->ToElement() != nullptr;
        delete node;
        node = nullptr;
 
        // If this is the root element, we're done. Parsing will be
        // done by the >> operator.
        if ( isElement )
        {
          return;
        }
      }
      else
      {
        SetError( TIXML_ERROR, nullptr, nullptr, TIXML_ENCODING_UNKNOWN );
        return;
      }
    }
  }
  // We should have returned sooner.
  SetError( TIXML_ERROR, nullptr, nullptr, TIXML_ENCODING_UNKNOWN );
}
 
#endif
 
const char* TiXmlDocument::Parse( const char* p, TiXmlParsingData* prevData, TiXmlEncoding encoding )
{
  ClearError();
 
  // Parse away, at the document level. Since a document
  // contains nothing but other tags, most of what happens
  // here is skipping white space.
  if ( !p || !*p )
  {
    SetError( TIXML_ERROR_DOCUMENT_EMPTY, nullptr, nullptr, TIXML_ENCODING_UNKNOWN );
    return nullptr;
  }
 
  // Note that, for a document, this needs to come
  // before the while space skip, so that parsing
  // starts from the pointer we are given.
  location.Clear();
  if ( prevData )
  {
    location.row = prevData->cursor.row;
    location.col = prevData->cursor.col;
  }
  else
  {
    location.row = 0;
    location.col = 0;
  }
  TiXmlParsingData data( p, TabSize(), location.row, location.col );
  location = data.Cursor();
 
  if ( encoding == TIXML_ENCODING_UNKNOWN )
  {
    // Check for the Microsoft UTF-8 lead bytes.
    const unsigned char* pU = (const unsigned char*)p;
    if (  *(pU+0) && *(pU+0) == TIXML_UTF_LEAD_0
       && *(pU+1) && *(pU+1) == TIXML_UTF_LEAD_1
       && *(pU+2) && *(pU+2) == TIXML_UTF_LEAD_2 )
    {
      encoding = TIXML_ENCODING_UTF8;
      useMicrosoftBOM = true;
    }
  }
 
    p = SkipWhiteSpace( p, encoding );
  if ( !p )
  {
    SetError( TIXML_ERROR_DOCUMENT_EMPTY, nullptr, nullptr, TIXML_ENCODING_UNKNOWN );
    return nullptr;
  }
 
  while ( p && *p )
  {
    TiXmlNode* node = Identify( p, encoding );
    if ( node )
    {
      p = node->Parse( p, &data, encoding );
      LinkEndChild( node );
    }
    else
    {
      break;
    }
 
    // Did we get encoding info?
    if (    encoding == TIXML_ENCODING_UNKNOWN
       && node->ToDeclaration() )
    {
      TiXmlDeclaration* dec = node->ToDeclaration();
      const char* enc = dec->Encoding();
      assert( enc );
 
      if ( *enc == 0 )
        encoding = TIXML_ENCODING_UTF8;
      else if ( StringEqual( enc, "UTF-8", true, TIXML_ENCODING_UNKNOWN ) )
        encoding = TIXML_ENCODING_UTF8;
      else if ( StringEqual( enc, "UTF8", true, TIXML_ENCODING_UNKNOWN ) )
        encoding = TIXML_ENCODING_UTF8; // incorrect, but be nice
      else 
        encoding = TIXML_ENCODING_LEGACY;
    }
 
    p = SkipWhiteSpace( p, encoding );
  }
 
  // Was this empty?
  if ( !firstChild ) {
    SetError( TIXML_ERROR_DOCUMENT_EMPTY, nullptr, nullptr, encoding );
    return nullptr;
  }
 
  // All is well.
  return p;
}
 
void TiXmlDocument::SetError( int err, const char* pError, TiXmlParsingData* data, TiXmlEncoding encoding )
{ 
  // The first error in a chain is more accurate - don't set again!
  if ( error )
    return;
 
  assert( err > 0 && err < TIXML_ERROR_STRING_COUNT );
  error   = true;
  errorId = err;
  errorDesc = errorString[ errorId ];
 
  errorLocation.Clear();
  if ( pError && data )
  {
    data->Stamp( pError, encoding );
    errorLocation = data->Cursor();
  }
}
 
 
TiXmlNode* TiXmlNode::Identify( const char* p, TiXmlEncoding encoding )
{
  TiXmlNode* returnNode = nullptr;
 
  p = SkipWhiteSpace( p, encoding );
  if( !p || !*p || *p != '<' )
  {
    return nullptr;
  }
 
  p = SkipWhiteSpace( p, encoding );
 
  if ( !p || !*p )
  {
    return nullptr;
  }
 
  // What is this thing? 
  // - Elements start with a letter or underscore, but xml is reserved.
  // - Comments: <!--
  // - Decleration: <?xml
  // - Everthing else is unknown to tinyxml.
  //
 
  const char* xmlHeader = { "<?xml" };
  const char* commentHeader = { "<!--" };
  const char* dtdHeader = { "<!" };
  const char* cdataHeader = { "<![CDATA[" };
 
  if ( StringEqual( p, xmlHeader, true, encoding ) )
  {
    #ifdef DEBUG_PARSER
      TIXML_LOG( "XML parsing Declaration\n" );
    #endif
    returnNode = new TiXmlDeclaration();
  }
  else if ( StringEqual( p, commentHeader, false, encoding ) )
  {
    #ifdef DEBUG_PARSER
      TIXML_LOG( "XML parsing Comment\n" );
    #endif
    returnNode = new TiXmlComment();
  }
  else if ( StringEqual( p, cdataHeader, false, encoding ) )
  {
    #ifdef DEBUG_PARSER
      TIXML_LOG( "XML parsing CDATA\n" );
    #endif
    TiXmlText* text = new TiXmlText( "" );
    text->SetCDATA( true );
    returnNode = text;
  }
  else if ( StringEqual( p, dtdHeader, false, encoding ) )
  {
    #ifdef DEBUG_PARSER
      TIXML_LOG( "XML parsing Unknown(1)\n" );
    #endif
    returnNode = new TiXmlUnknown();
  }
  else if (    IsAlpha( *(p+1), encoding )
        || *(p+1) == '_' )
  {
    #ifdef DEBUG_PARSER
      TIXML_LOG( "XML parsing Element\n" );
    #endif
    returnNode = new TiXmlElement( "" );
  }
  else
  {
    #ifdef DEBUG_PARSER
      TIXML_LOG( "XML parsing Unknown(2)\n" );
    #endif
    returnNode = new TiXmlUnknown();
  }
 
  if ( returnNode )
  {
    // Set the parent, so it can report errors
    returnNode->parent = this;
  }
  return returnNode;
}
 
#ifdef TIXML_USE_STL
 
void TiXmlElement::StreamIn (std::istream * in, TIXML_STRING * tag)
{
  // We're called with some amount of pre-parsing. That is, some of "this"
  // element is in "tag". Go ahead and stream to the closing ">"
  while( in->good() )
  {
    int c = in->get();
    if ( c <= 0 )
    {
      TiXmlDocument* document = GetDocument();
      if ( document )
        document->SetError( TIXML_ERROR_EMBEDDED_NULL, nullptr, nullptr, TIXML_ENCODING_UNKNOWN );
      return;
    }
    (*tag) += (char) c ;
    
    if ( c == '>' )
      break;
  }
 
  if ( tag->length() < 3 ) return;
 
  // Okay...if we are a "/>" tag, then we're done. We've read a complete tag.
  // If not, identify and stream.
 
  if (    tag->at( tag->length() - 1 ) == '>' 
     && tag->at( tag->length() - 2 ) == '/' )
  {
    // All good!
    return;
  }
  else if ( tag->at( tag->length() - 1 ) == '>' )
  {
    // There is more. Could be:
    //    text
    //    cdata text (which looks like another node)
    //    closing tag
    //    another node.
    for ( ;; )
    {
      StreamWhiteSpace( in, tag );
 
      // Do we have text?
      if ( in->good() && in->peek() != '<' ) 
      {
        // Yep, text.
        TiXmlText text( "" );
        text.StreamIn( in, tag );
 
        // What follows text is a closing tag or another node.
        // Go around again and figure it out.
        continue;
      }
 
      // We now have either a closing tag...or another node.
      // We should be at a "<", regardless.
      if ( !in->good() ) return;
      assert( in->peek() == '<' );
      int tagIndex = (int) tag->length();
 
      bool closingTag = false;
      bool firstCharFound = false;
 
      for( ;; )
      {
        if ( !in->good() )
          return;
 
        int c = in->peek();
        if ( c <= 0 )
        {
          TiXmlDocument* document = GetDocument();
          if ( document )
            document->SetError( TIXML_ERROR_EMBEDDED_NULL, nullptr, nullptr, TIXML_ENCODING_UNKNOWN );
          return;
        }
        
        if ( c == '>' )
          break;
 
        *tag += (char) c;
        in->get();
 
        // Early out if we find the CDATA id.
        if ( c == '[' && tag->size() >= 9 )
        {
          size_t len = tag->size();
          const char* start = tag->c_str() + len - 9;
          if ( strcmp( start, "<![CDATA[" ) == 0 ) {
            assert( !closingTag );
            break;
          }
        }
 
        if ( !firstCharFound && c != '<' && !IsWhiteSpace( c ) )
        {
          firstCharFound = true;
          if ( c == '/' )
            closingTag = true;
        }
      }
      // If it was a closing tag, then read in the closing '>' to clean up the input stream.
      // If it was not, the streaming will be done by the tag.
      if ( closingTag )
      {
        if ( !in->good() )
          return;
 
        int c = in->get();
        if ( c <= 0 )
        {
          TiXmlDocument* document = GetDocument();
          if ( document )
            document->SetError( TIXML_ERROR_EMBEDDED_NULL, nullptr, nullptr, TIXML_ENCODING_UNKNOWN );
          return;
        }
        assert( c == '>' );
        *tag += (char) c;
 
        // We are done, once we've found our closing tag.
        return;
      }
      else
      {
        // If not a closing tag, id it, and stream.
        const char* tagloc = tag->c_str() + tagIndex;
        TiXmlNode* node = Identify( tagloc, TIXML_DEFAULT_ENCODING );
        if ( !node )
          return;
        node->StreamIn( in, tag );
        delete node;
        node = nullptr;
 
        // No return: go around from the beginning: text, closing tag, or node.
      }
    }
  }
}
#endif
 
const char* TiXmlElement::Parse( const char* p, TiXmlParsingData* data, TiXmlEncoding encoding )
{
  p = SkipWhiteSpace( p, encoding );
  TiXmlDocument* document = GetDocument();
 
  if ( !p || !*p )
  {
    if ( document ) document->SetError( TIXML_ERROR_PARSING_ELEMENT, nullptr, nullptr, encoding );
    return nullptr;
  }
 
  if ( data )
  {
    data->Stamp( p, encoding );
    location = data->Cursor();
  }
 
  if ( *p != '<' )
  {
    if ( document ) document->SetError( TIXML_ERROR_PARSING_ELEMENT, p, data, encoding );
    return nullptr;
  }
 
  p = SkipWhiteSpace( p+1, encoding );
 
  // Read the name.
  const char* pErr = p;
 
    p = ReadName( p, &value, encoding );
  if ( !p || !*p )
  {
    if ( document ) document->SetError( TIXML_ERROR_FAILED_TO_READ_ELEMENT_NAME, pErr, data, encoding );
    return nullptr;
  }
 
    TIXML_STRING endTag ("</");
  endTag += value;
 
  // Check for and read attributes. Also look for an empty
  // tag or an end tag.
  while ( p && *p )
  {
    pErr = p;
    p = SkipWhiteSpace( p, encoding );
    if ( !p || !*p )
    {
      if ( document ) document->SetError( TIXML_ERROR_READING_ATTRIBUTES, pErr, data, encoding );
      return nullptr;
    }
    if ( *p == '/' )
    {
      ++p;
      // Empty tag.
      if ( *p  != '>' )
      {
        if ( document ) document->SetError( TIXML_ERROR_PARSING_EMPTY, p, data, encoding );   
        return nullptr;
      }
      return (p+1);
    }
    else if ( *p == '>' )
    {
      // Done with attributes (if there were any.)
      // Read the value -- which can include other
      // elements -- read the end tag, and return.
      ++p;
      p = ReadValue( p, data, encoding );   // Note this is an Element method, and will set the error if one happens.
      if ( !p || !*p ) {
        // We were looking for the end tag, but found nothing.
        // Fix for [ 1663758 ] Failure to report error on bad XML
        if ( document ) document->SetError( TIXML_ERROR_READING_END_TAG, p, data, encoding );
        return nullptr;
      }
 
      // We should find the end tag now
      // note that:
      // </foo > and
      // </foo> 
      // are both valid end tags.
      if ( StringEqual( p, endTag.c_str(), false, encoding ) )
      {
        p += endTag.length();
        p = SkipWhiteSpace( p, encoding );
        if ( p && *p && *p == '>' ) {
          ++p;
          return p;
        }
        if ( document ) document->SetError( TIXML_ERROR_READING_END_TAG, p, data, encoding );
        return nullptr;
      }
      else
      {
        if ( document ) document->SetError( TIXML_ERROR_READING_END_TAG, p, data, encoding );
        return nullptr;
      }
    }
    else
    {
      // Try to read an attribute:
      TiXmlAttribute* attrib = new TiXmlAttribute();
      if ( !attrib )
      {
        return nullptr;
      }
 
      attrib->SetDocument( document );
      pErr = p;
      p = attrib->Parse( p, data, encoding );
 
      if ( !p || !*p )
      {
        if ( document ) document->SetError( TIXML_ERROR_PARSING_ELEMENT, pErr, data, encoding );
        delete attrib;
        return nullptr;
      }
 
      // Handle the strange case of double attributes:
      #ifdef TIXML_USE_STL
      TiXmlAttribute* node = attributeSet.Find( attrib->NameTStr() );
      #else
      TiXmlAttribute* node = attributeSet.Find( attrib->Name() );
      #endif
      if ( node )
      {
        if ( document ) document->SetError( TIXML_ERROR_PARSING_ELEMENT, pErr, data, encoding );
        delete attrib;
        return nullptr;
      }
 
      attributeSet.Add( attrib );
    }
  }
  return p;
}
 
 
const char* TiXmlElement::ReadValue( const char* p, TiXmlParsingData* data, TiXmlEncoding encoding )
{
  TiXmlDocument* document = GetDocument();
 
  // Read in text and elements in any order.
  const char* pWithWhiteSpace = p;
  p = SkipWhiteSpace( p, encoding );
 
  while ( p && *p )
  {
    if ( *p != '<' )
    {
      // Take what we have, make a text element.
      TiXmlText* textNode = new TiXmlText( "" );
 
      if ( !textNode )
      {
          return nullptr;
      }
 
      if ( TiXmlBase::IsWhiteSpaceCondensed() )
      {
        p = textNode->Parse( p, data, encoding );
      }
      else
      {
        // Special case: we want to keep the white space
        // so that leading spaces aren't removed.
        p = textNode->Parse( pWithWhiteSpace, data, encoding );
      }
 
      if ( !textNode->Blank() )
        LinkEndChild( textNode );
      else
        delete textNode;
    } 
    else 
    {
      // We hit a '<'
      // Have we hit a new element or an end tag? This could also be
      // a TiXmlText in the "CDATA" style.
      if ( StringEqual( p, "</", false, encoding ) )
      {
        return p;
      }
      else
      {
        TiXmlNode* node = Identify( p, encoding );
        if ( node )
        {
          p = node->Parse( p, data, encoding );
          LinkEndChild( node );
        }       
        else
        {
          return nullptr;
        }
      }
    }
    pWithWhiteSpace = p;
    p = SkipWhiteSpace( p, encoding );
  }
 
  if ( !p )
  {
    if ( document ) document->SetError( TIXML_ERROR_READING_ELEMENT_VALUE, nullptr, nullptr, encoding );
  } 
  return p;
}
 
 
#ifdef TIXML_USE_STL
void TiXmlUnknown::StreamIn( std::istream * in, TIXML_STRING * tag )
{
  while ( in->good() )
  {
    int c = in->get();  
    if ( c <= 0 )
    {
      TiXmlDocument* document = GetDocument();
      if ( document )
        document->SetError( TIXML_ERROR_EMBEDDED_NULL, nullptr, nullptr, TIXML_ENCODING_UNKNOWN );
      return;
    }
    (*tag) += (char) c;
 
    if ( c == '>' )
    {
      // All is well.
      return;   
    }
  }
}
#endif
 
 
const char* TiXmlUnknown::Parse( const char* p, TiXmlParsingData* data, TiXmlEncoding encoding )
{
  TiXmlDocument* document = GetDocument();
  p = SkipWhiteSpace( p, encoding );
 
  if ( data )
  {
    data->Stamp( p, encoding );
    location = data->Cursor();
  }
  if ( !p || !*p || *p != '<' )
  {
    if ( document ) document->SetError( TIXML_ERROR_PARSING_UNKNOWN, p, data, encoding );
    return nullptr;
  }
  ++p;
    value = "";
 
  while ( p && *p && *p != '>' )
  {
    value += *p;
    ++p;
  }
 
  if ( !p )
  {
    if ( document ) document->SetError( TIXML_ERROR_PARSING_UNKNOWN, nullptr, nullptr, encoding );
  }
  if ( *p == '>' )
    return p+1;
  return p;
}
 
#ifdef TIXML_USE_STL
void TiXmlComment::StreamIn( std::istream * in, TIXML_STRING * tag )
{
  while ( in->good() )
  {
    int c = in->get();  
    if ( c <= 0 )
    {
      TiXmlDocument* document = GetDocument();
      if ( document )
        document->SetError( TIXML_ERROR_EMBEDDED_NULL, nullptr, nullptr, TIXML_ENCODING_UNKNOWN );
      return;
    }
 
    (*tag) += (char) c;
 
    if ( c == '>' 
       && tag->at( tag->length() - 2 ) == '-'
       && tag->at( tag->length() - 3 ) == '-' )
    {
      // All is well.
      return;   
    }
  }
}
#endif
 
 
const char* TiXmlComment::Parse( const char* p, TiXmlParsingData* data, TiXmlEncoding encoding )
{
  TiXmlDocument* document = GetDocument();
  value = "";
 
  p = SkipWhiteSpace( p, encoding );
 
  if ( data )
  {
    data->Stamp( p, encoding );
    location = data->Cursor();
  }
  const char* startTag = "<!--";
  const char* endTag   = "-->";
 
  if ( !StringEqual( p, startTag, false, encoding ) )
  {
    document->SetError( TIXML_ERROR_PARSING_COMMENT, p, data, encoding );
    return nullptr;
  }
  p += strlen( startTag );
 
  // [ 1475201 ] TinyXML parses entities in comments
  // Oops - ReadText doesn't work, because we don't want to parse the entities.
  // p = ReadText( p, &value, false, endTag, false, encoding );
  //
  // from the XML spec:
  /*
   [Definition: Comments may appear anywhere in a document outside other markup; in addition, 
                they may appear within the document type declaration at places allowed by the grammar. 
          They are not part of the document's character data; an XML processor MAY, but need not, 
          make it possible for an application to retrieve the text of comments. For compatibility, 
          the string "--" (double-hyphen) MUST NOT occur within comments.] Parameter entity 
          references MUST NOT be recognized within comments.
 
          An example of a comment:
 
          <!-- declarations for <head> & <body> -->
  */
 
    value = "";
  // Keep all the white space.
  while ( p && *p && !StringEqual( p, endTag, false, encoding ) )
  {
    value.append( p, 1 );
    ++p;
  }
  if ( p && *p ) 
    p += strlen( endTag );
 
  return p;
}
 
 
const char* TiXmlAttribute::Parse( const char* p, TiXmlParsingData* data, TiXmlEncoding encoding )
{
  p = SkipWhiteSpace( p, encoding );
  if ( !p || !*p ) return nullptr;
 
  if ( data )
  {
    data->Stamp( p, encoding );
    location = data->Cursor();
  }
  // Read the name, the '=' and the value.
  const char* pErr = p;
  p = ReadName( p, &name, encoding );
  if ( !p || !*p )
  {
    if ( document ) document->SetError( TIXML_ERROR_READING_ATTRIBUTES, pErr, data, encoding );
    return nullptr;
  }
  p = SkipWhiteSpace( p, encoding );
  if ( !p || !*p || *p != '=' )
  {
    if ( document ) document->SetError( TIXML_ERROR_READING_ATTRIBUTES, p, data, encoding );
    return nullptr;
  }
 
  ++p;  // skip '='
  p = SkipWhiteSpace( p, encoding );
  if ( !p || !*p )
  {
    if ( document ) document->SetError( TIXML_ERROR_READING_ATTRIBUTES, p, data, encoding );
    return nullptr;
  }
  
  const char* end;
  const char SINGLE_QUOTE = '\'';
  const char DOUBLE_QUOTE = '\"';
 
  if ( *p == SINGLE_QUOTE )
  {
    ++p;
    end = "\'";   // single quote in string
    p = ReadText( p, &value, false, end, false, encoding );
  }
  else if ( *p == DOUBLE_QUOTE )
  {
    ++p;
    end = "\"";   // double quote in string
    p = ReadText( p, &value, false, end, false, encoding );
  }
  else
  {
    // All attribute values should be in single or double quotes.
    // But this is such a common error that the parser will try
    // its best, even without them.
    value = "";
    while (    p && *p                      // existence
        && !IsWhiteSpace( *p )                // whitespace
        && *p != '/' && *p != '>' )             // tag end
    {
      if ( *p == SINGLE_QUOTE || *p == DOUBLE_QUOTE ) {
        // [ 1451649 ] Attribute values with trailing quotes not handled correctly
        // We did not have an opening quote but seem to have a 
        // closing one. Give up and throw an error.
        if ( document ) document->SetError( TIXML_ERROR_READING_ATTRIBUTES, p, data, encoding );
        return nullptr;
      }
      value += *p;
      ++p;
    }
  }
  return p;
}
 
#ifdef TIXML_USE_STL
void TiXmlText::StreamIn( std::istream * in, TIXML_STRING * tag )
{
  while ( in->good() )
  {
    int c = in->peek(); 
    if ( !cdata && (c == '<' ) ) 
    {
      return;
    }
    if ( c <= 0 )
    {
      TiXmlDocument* document = GetDocument();
      if ( document )
        document->SetError( TIXML_ERROR_EMBEDDED_NULL, nullptr, nullptr, TIXML_ENCODING_UNKNOWN );
      return;
    }
 
    (*tag) += (char) c;
    in->get();  // "commits" the peek made above
 
    if ( cdata && c == '>' && tag->size() >= 3 ) {
      size_t len = tag->size();
      if ( (*tag)[len-2] == ']' && (*tag)[len-3] == ']' ) {
        // terminator of cdata.
        return;
      }
    }    
  }
}
#endif
 
const char* TiXmlText::Parse( const char* p, TiXmlParsingData* data, TiXmlEncoding encoding )
{
  value = "";
  TiXmlDocument* document = GetDocument();
 
  if ( data )
  {
    data->Stamp( p, encoding );
    location = data->Cursor();
  }
 
  const char* const startTag = "<![CDATA[";
  const char* const endTag   = "]]>";
 
  if ( cdata || StringEqual( p, startTag, false, encoding ) )
  {
    cdata = true;
 
    if ( !StringEqual( p, startTag, false, encoding ) )
    {
      document->SetError( TIXML_ERROR_PARSING_CDATA, p, data, encoding );
      return nullptr;
    }
    p += strlen( startTag );
 
    // Keep all the white space, ignore the encoding, etc.
    while (    p && *p
        && !StringEqual( p, endTag, false, encoding )
        )
    {
      value += *p;
      ++p;
    }
 
    TIXML_STRING dummy; 
    p = ReadText( p, &dummy, false, endTag, false, encoding );
    return p;
  }
  else
  {
    bool ignoreWhite = true;
 
    const char* end = "<";
    p = ReadText( p, &value, ignoreWhite, end, false, encoding );
    if ( p )
      return p-1; // don't truncate the '<'
    return nullptr;
  }
}
 
#ifdef TIXML_USE_STL
void TiXmlDeclaration::StreamIn( std::istream * in, TIXML_STRING * tag )
{
  while ( in->good() )
  {
    int c = in->get();
    if ( c <= 0 )
    {
      TiXmlDocument* document = GetDocument();
      if ( document )
        document->SetError( TIXML_ERROR_EMBEDDED_NULL, nullptr, nullptr, TIXML_ENCODING_UNKNOWN );
      return;
    }
    (*tag) += (char) c;
 
    if ( c == '>' )
    {
      // All is well.
      return;
    }
  }
}
#endif
 
const char* TiXmlDeclaration::Parse( const char* p, TiXmlParsingData* data, TiXmlEncoding _encoding )
{
  p = SkipWhiteSpace( p, _encoding );
  // Find the beginning, find the end, and look for
  // the stuff in-between.
  TiXmlDocument* document = GetDocument();
  if ( !p || !*p || !StringEqual( p, "<?xml", true, _encoding ) )
  {
    if ( document ) document->SetError( TIXML_ERROR_PARSING_DECLARATION, nullptr, nullptr, _encoding );
    return nullptr;
  }
  if ( data )
  {
    data->Stamp( p, _encoding );
    location = data->Cursor();
  }
  p += 5;
 
  version = "";
  encoding = "";
  standalone = "";
 
  while ( p && *p )
  {
    if ( *p == '>' )
    {
      ++p;
      return p;
    }
 
    p = SkipWhiteSpace( p, _encoding );
    if ( StringEqual( p, "version", true, _encoding ) )
    {
      TiXmlAttribute attrib;
      p = attrib.Parse( p, data, _encoding );   
      version = attrib.Value();
    }
    else if ( StringEqual( p, "encoding", true, _encoding ) )
    {
      TiXmlAttribute attrib;
      p = attrib.Parse( p, data, _encoding );   
      encoding = attrib.Value();
    }
    else if ( StringEqual( p, "standalone", true, _encoding ) )
    {
      TiXmlAttribute attrib;
      p = attrib.Parse( p, data, _encoding );   
      standalone = attrib.Value();
    }
    else
    {
      // Read over whatever it is.
      while( p && *p && *p != '>' && !IsWhiteSpace( *p ) )
        ++p;
    }
  }
  return nullptr;
}
 
bool TiXmlText::Blank() const
{
  for ( unsigned i=0; i<value.length(); i++ )
    if ( !IsWhiteSpace( value[i] ) )
      return false;
  return true;
}