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Lens Class Reference

A base class for any number of different kinds of lenses, linear and otherwise. More...

#include "lens.h"

Inheritance diagram for Lens:
TypedWritableReferenceCount TypedWritable ReferenceCount TypedObject MemoryBase MemoryBase CylindricalLens FisheyeLens MatrixLens OrthographicLens OSphereLens PerspectiveLens PSphereLens

List of all members.

Classes

class  CData

Public Types

enum  FromCorners {
  FC_roll = 0x0001, FC_camera_plane = 0x0002, FC_off_axis = 0x0004, FC_aspect_ratio = 0x0008,
  FC_shear = 0x0010, FC_keystone = 0x0020
}
enum  StereoChannel { SC_mono = 0x00, SC_left = 0x01, SC_right = 0x02, SC_stereo = 0x03 }

Public Member Functions

 Lens (const Lens &copy)
void clear ()
 Resets all lens parameters to their initial default settings.
void clear_keystone ()
 Disables the lens keystone correction.
void clear_view_mat ()
 Resets the lens transform to identity.
bool extrude (const LPoint2 &point2d, LPoint3 &near_point, LPoint3 &far_point) const
 Given a 2-d point in the range (-1,1) in both dimensions, where (0,0) is the center of the lens and (-1,-1) is the lower-left corner, compute the corresponding vector in space that maps to this point, if such a vector can be determined.
bool extrude (const LPoint3 &point2d, LPoint3 &near_point, LPoint3 &far_point) const
 Given a 2-d point in the range (-1,1) in both dimensions, where (0,0) is the center of the lens and (-1,-1) is the lower-left corner, compute the corresponding vector in space that maps to this point, if such a vector can be determined.
bool extrude_vec (const LPoint3 &point2d, LVector3 &vec3d) const
 Given a 2-d point in the range (-1,1) in both dimensions, where (0,0) is the center of the lens and (-1,-1) is the lower-left corner, compute the vector that corresponds to the view direction.
bool extrude_vec (const LPoint2 &point2d, LVector3 &vec3d) const
 Given a 2-d point in the range (-1,1) in both dimensions, where (0,0) is the center of the lens and (-1,-1) is the lower-left corner, compute the vector that corresponds to the view direction.
virtual TypeHandle force_init_type ()
PN_stdfloat get_aspect_ratio () const
 Returns the aspect ratio of the Lens.
const string & get_change_event () const
 Returns the name of the event that will be generated whenever any properties of this particular Lens have changed.
PN_stdfloat get_convergence_distance () const
 See set_convergence_distance().
CoordinateSystem get_coordinate_system () const
 Returns the coordinate system that all 3-d computations are performed within for this Lens.
PN_stdfloat get_far () const
 Returns the position of the far plane (or cylinder, sphere, whatever).
const LMatrix4get_film_mat () const
 Returns the matrix that transforms from a point behind the lens to a point on the film.
const LMatrix4get_film_mat_inv () const
 Returns the matrix that transforms from a point on the film to a point behind the lens.
const LVector2get_film_offset () const
 Returns the horizontal and vertical offset amounts of this Lens.
const LVecBase2get_film_size () const
 Returns the horizontal and vertical film size of the virtual film.
PN_stdfloat get_focal_length () const
 Returns the focal length of the lens.
const LVecBase2get_fov () const
 Returns the horizontal and vertical film size of the virtual film.
PN_stdfloat get_hfov () const
 Returns the horizontal component of fov only.
PN_stdfloat get_interocular_distance () const
 See set_interocular_distance().
const LVecBase2get_keystone () const
 Returns the keystone correction specified for the lens.
UpdateSeq get_last_change () const
 Returns the UpdateSeq that is incremented whenever the lens properties are changed.
const LMatrix4get_lens_mat () const
 Returns the matrix that transforms from a point in front of the lens to a point in space.
const LMatrix4get_lens_mat_inv () const
 Returns the matrix that transforms from a point in space to a point in front of the lens.
PN_stdfloat get_min_fov () const
 Returns the field of view of the narrowest dimension of the window.
PN_stdfloat get_near () const
 Returns the position of the near plane (or cylinder, sphere, whatever).
LPoint3 get_nodal_point () const
 Returns the center point of the lens: the point from which the lens is viewing.
const LMatrix4get_projection_mat (StereoChannel channel=SC_mono) const
 Returns the complete transformation matrix from a 3-d point in space to a point on the film, if such a matrix exists, or the identity matrix if the lens is nonlinear.
const LMatrix4get_projection_mat_inv (StereoChannel channel=SC_mono) const
 Returns the matrix that transforms from a 2-d point on the film to a 3-d vector in space, if such a matrix exists.
virtual TypeHandle get_type () const
const LVector3get_up_vector () const
 Returns the axis perpendicular to the camera's view vector that indicates the "up" direction.
PN_stdfloat get_vfov () const
 Returns the vertical component of fov only.
const LVecBase3get_view_hpr () const
 Returns the direction in which the lens is facing.
const LMatrix4get_view_mat () const
 Returns the direction in which the lens is facing.
const LVector3get_view_vector () const
 Returns the axis along which the lens is facing.
virtual bool is_linear () const
 Returns true if the lens represents a linear projection (e.g.
virtual bool is_orthographic () const
 Returns true if the lens represents a orthographic projection (i.e.
virtual bool is_perspective () const
 Returns true if the lens represents a perspective projection (i.e.
void operator= (const Lens &copy)
virtual void output (ostream &out) const
bool project (const LPoint3 &point3d, LPoint3 &point2d) const
 Given a 3-d point in space, determine the 2-d point this maps to, in the range (-1,1) in both dimensions, where (0,0) is the center of the lens and (-1,-1) is the lower-left corner.
bool project (const LPoint3 &point3d, LPoint2 &point2d) const
 Given a 3-d point in space, determine the 2-d point this maps to, in the range (-1,1) in both dimensions, where (0,0) is the center of the lens and (-1,-1) is the lower-left corner.
virtual PT (Lens) make_copy() const =0
virtual PT (Geom) make_geometry()
virtual PT (BoundingVolume) make_bounds() const
void recompute_all ()
 Forces all internal parameters of the Lens to be recomputed.
void set_aspect_ratio (PN_stdfloat aspect_ratio)
 Sets the aspect ratio of the lens.
void set_change_event (const string &event)
 Sets the name of the event that will be generated whenever any properties of the Lens have changed.
void set_convergence_distance (PN_stdfloat convergence_distance)
 Sets the distance between between the camera plane and the point in the distance that the left and right eyes are both looking at.
void set_coordinate_system (CoordinateSystem cs)
 Specifies the coordinate system that all 3-d computations are performed within for this Lens.
void set_far (PN_stdfloat far_distance)
 Defines the position of the far plane (or cylinder, sphere, whatever).
void set_film_offset (PN_stdfloat x, PN_stdfloat y)
 Sets the horizontal and vertical offset amounts of this Lens.
void set_film_offset (const LVecBase2 &film_offset)
 Sets the horizontal and vertical offset amounts of this Lens.
void set_film_size (PN_stdfloat width)
 Sets the horizontal size of the film without changing its shape.
void set_film_size (const LVecBase2 &film_size)
 Sets the size and shape of the "film" within the lens.
void set_film_size (PN_stdfloat width, PN_stdfloat height)
 Sets the size and shape of the "film" within the lens.
void set_focal_length (PN_stdfloat focal_length)
 Sets the focal length of the lens.
void set_fov (PN_stdfloat hfov, PN_stdfloat vfov)
 Sets the field of view of the lens in both dimensions.
void set_fov (const LVecBase2 &fov)
 Sets the field of view of the lens in both dimensions.
void set_fov (PN_stdfloat fov)
 Sets the horizontal field of view of the lens without changing the aspect ratio.
void set_frustum_from_corners (const LVecBase3 &ul, const LVecBase3 &ur, const LVecBase3 &ll, const LVecBase3 &lr, int flags)
 Sets up the lens to use the frustum defined by the four indicated points.
void set_interocular_distance (PN_stdfloat interocular_distance)
 Sets the distance between the left and right eyes of a stereo camera.
void set_keystone (const LVecBase2 &keystone)
 Indicates the ratio of keystone correction to perform on the lens, in each of three axes.
void set_min_fov (PN_stdfloat min_fov)
 Sets the field of view of the smallest dimension of the window.
void set_near (PN_stdfloat near_distance)
 Defines the position of the near plane (or cylinder, sphere, whatever).
void set_near_far (PN_stdfloat near_distance, PN_stdfloat far_distance)
 Simultaneously changes the near and far planes.
void set_view_hpr (const LVecBase3 &view_hpr)
 Sets the direction in which the lens is facing.
void set_view_hpr (PN_stdfloat h, PN_stdfloat p, PN_stdfloat r)
 Sets the direction in which the lens is facing.
void set_view_mat (const LMatrix4 &view_mat)
 Sets an arbitrary transformation on the lens.
void set_view_vector (const LVector3 &view_vector, const LVector3 &up_vector)
 Specifies the direction in which the lens is facing by giving an axis to look along, and a perpendicular (or at least non-parallel) up axis.
void set_view_vector (PN_stdfloat x, PN_stdfloat y, PN_stdfloat z, PN_stdfloat i, PN_stdfloat j, PN_stdfloat k)
 Specifies the direction in which the lens is facing by giving an axis to look along, and a perpendicular (or at least non-parallel) up axis.
virtual void write (ostream &out, int indent_level=0) const
virtual void write_datagram (BamWriter *manager, Datagram &dg)
 Writes the contents of this object to the datagram for shipping out to a Bam file.

Static Public Member Functions

static TypeHandle get_class_type ()
static PN_stdfloat get_default_far ()
 Returns the default far plane distance that will be assigned to each newly-created lens.
static PN_stdfloat get_default_near ()
 Returns the default near plane distance that will be assigned to each newly-created lens.
static void init_type ()

Protected Types

typedef CycleDataReader< CDataCDReader
typedef CycleDataWriter< CDataCDWriter
enum  CompFlags {
  CF_film_mat = 0x0001, CF_film_mat_inv = 0x0002, CF_lens_mat = 0x0004, CF_lens_mat_inv = 0x0008,
  CF_projection_mat = 0x0010, CF_projection_mat_inv = 0x0020, CF_projection_mat_left_inv = 0x0040, CF_projection_mat_right_inv = 0x0080,
  CF_mat = 0x00ff, CF_film_size = 0x0100, CF_aspect_ratio = 0x0200, CF_view_hpr = 0x0400,
  CF_view_vector = 0x0800, CF_focal_length = 0x1000, CF_fov = 0x2000
}
enum  UserFlags {
  UF_film_width = 0x0001, UF_film_height = 0x0002, UF_focal_length = 0x0004, UF_hfov = 0x0008,
  UF_vfov = 0x0010, UF_aspect_ratio = 0x0020, UF_view_hpr = 0x0040, UF_view_vector = 0x0080,
  UF_interocular_distance = 0x0100, UF_convergence_distance = 0x0200, UF_view_mat = 0x0400, UF_keystone = 0x0800,
  UF_min_fov = 0x1000
}

Protected Member Functions

void do_adjust_comp_flags (CData *cdata, int clear_flags, int set_flags)
 Clears from _comp_flags the bits in the first parameter, and sets the bits in the second parameter.
void do_adjust_user_flags (CData *cdata, int clear_flags, int set_flags)
 Clears from _user_flags the bits in the first parameter, and sets the bits in the second parameter.
virtual void do_compute_aspect_ratio (CData *cdata)
 Computes the aspect ratio of the film rectangle, as a ratio of width to height.
virtual void do_compute_film_mat (CData *cdata)
 Computes the matrix that transforms from a point behind the lens to a point on the film.
virtual void do_compute_film_size (CData *cdata)
 Computes the size and shape of the film behind the camera, based on the aspect ratio and fov.
virtual void do_compute_focal_length (CData *cdata)
 Computes the focal length of the lens, based on the fov and film size.
virtual void do_compute_fov (CData *cdata)
 Computes the field of view of the lens, based on the film size and focal length.
virtual void do_compute_lens_mat (CData *cdata)
 Computes the matrix that transforms from a point in front of the lens to a point in space.
virtual void do_compute_projection_mat (CData *cdata)
 Computes the complete transformation matrix from 3-d point to 2-d point, if the lens is linear.
virtual void do_compute_view_hpr (CData *cdata)
 Computes the Euler angles representing the lens' rotation.
virtual void do_compute_view_vector (CData *cdata)
 Computes the view vector and up vector for the lens.
virtual bool do_extrude (const CData *cdata, const LPoint3 &point2d, LPoint3 &near_point, LPoint3 &far_point) const
 Given a 2-d point in the range (-1,1) in both dimensions, where (0,0) is the center of the lens and (-1,-1) is the lower-left corner, compute the corresponding vector in space that maps to this point, if such a vector can be determined.
virtual bool do_extrude_vec (const CData *cdata, const LPoint3 &point2d, LVector3 &vec) const
 Given a 2-d point in the range (-1,1) in both dimensions, where (0,0) is the center of the lens and (-1,-1) is the lower-left corner, compute the vector that corresponds to the view direction.
PN_stdfloat do_get_aspect_ratio (const CData *cdata) const
PN_stdfloat do_get_far (const CData *cdata) const
const LMatrix4do_get_film_mat (const CData *cdata) const
const LMatrix4do_get_film_mat_inv (const CData *cdata) const
const LVector2do_get_film_offset (const CData *cdata) const
const LVecBase2do_get_film_size (const CData *cdata) const
PN_stdfloat do_get_focal_length (const CData *cdata) const
const LVecBase2do_get_fov (const CData *cdata) const
const LMatrix4do_get_lens_mat (const CData *cdata) const
const LMatrix4do_get_lens_mat_inv (const CData *cdata) const
PN_stdfloat do_get_near (const CData *cdata) const
const LMatrix4do_get_projection_mat (const CData *cdata, StereoChannel channel=SC_mono) const
const LMatrix4do_get_projection_mat_inv (const CData *cdata, StereoChannel channel=SC_mono) const
const LMatrix4do_get_view_mat (const CData *cdata) const
virtual bool do_project (const CData *cdata, const LPoint3 &point3d, LPoint3 &point2d) const
 Given a 3-d point in space, determine the 2-d point this maps to, in the range (-1,1) in both dimensions, where (0,0) is the center of the lens and (-1,-1) is the lower-left corner.
void do_set_aspect_ratio (CData *cdata, PN_stdfloat aspect_ratio)
void do_set_convergence_distance (CData *cdata, PN_stdfloat convergence_distance)
void do_set_far (CData *cdata, PN_stdfloat far_distance)
void do_set_film_offset (CData *cdata, const LVecBase2 &film_offset)
void do_set_film_size (CData *cdata, const LVecBase2 &film_size)
void do_set_film_size (CData *cdata, PN_stdfloat width)
void do_set_focal_length (CData *cdata, PN_stdfloat focal_length)
void do_set_fov (CData *cdata, const LVecBase2 &fov)
void do_set_fov (CData *cdata, PN_stdfloat fov)
void do_set_interocular_distance (CData *cdata, PN_stdfloat interocular_distance)
void do_set_near (CData *cdata, PN_stdfloat near_distance)
void do_set_near_far (CData *cdata, PN_stdfloat near_distance, PN_stdfloat far_distance)
void do_set_view_mat (CData *cdata, const LMatrix4 &view_mat)
void do_throw_change_event (CData *cdata)
 Throws the event associated with changing properties on this Lens, if any.
void fillin (DatagramIterator &scan, BamReader *manager)
 This internal function is called by make_from_bam to read in all of the relevant data from the BamFile for the new Lens.
virtual PN_stdfloat film_to_fov (PN_stdfloat film_size, PN_stdfloat focal_length, bool horiz) const
 Given a width (or height) on the film and a focal length, compute the field of view in degrees.
virtual PN_stdfloat fov_to_film (PN_stdfloat fov, PN_stdfloat focal_length, bool horiz) const
 Given a field of view in degrees and a focal length, compute the corresponding width (or height) on the film.
virtual PN_stdfloat fov_to_focal_length (PN_stdfloat fov, PN_stdfloat film_size, bool horiz) const
 Given a field of view in degrees and a width (or height) on the film, compute the focal length of the lens.

Protected Attributes

PipelineCycler< CData_cycler

Detailed Description

A base class for any number of different kinds of lenses, linear and otherwise.

Presently, this includes perspective and orthographic lenses.

A Lens object is the main part of a Camera node, which defines the fundamental interface to point-of-view for rendering. Lenses are also used in other contexts, however; for instance, a Spotlight is also defined using a lens.

Definition at line 45 of file lens.h.


Member Function Documentation

void Lens::clear ( )

Resets all lens parameters to their initial default settings.

Definition at line 88 of file lens.cxx.

References do_throw_change_event().

void Lens::clear_keystone ( )

Disables the lens keystone correction.

Definition at line 333 of file lens.cxx.

References do_adjust_comp_flags(), do_adjust_user_flags(), and do_throw_change_event().

void Lens::clear_view_mat ( )

Resets the lens transform to identity.

Definition at line 287 of file lens.cxx.

References do_adjust_comp_flags(), do_adjust_user_flags(), do_throw_change_event(), and LMatrix4f::ident_mat().

void Lens::do_adjust_comp_flags ( CData cdata,
int  clear_flags,
int  set_flags 
) [inline, protected]
void Lens::do_adjust_user_flags ( CData cdata,
int  clear_flags,
int  set_flags 
) [inline, protected]

Clears from _user_flags the bits in the first parameter, and sets the bits in the second parameter.

Definition at line 765 of file lens.I.

Referenced by clear_keystone(), clear_view_mat(), set_keystone(), set_min_fov(), set_view_hpr(), and set_view_vector().

void Lens::do_compute_aspect_ratio ( CData cdata) [protected, virtual]

Computes the aspect ratio of the film rectangle, as a ratio of width to height.

Definition at line 1480 of file lens.cxx.

References do_adjust_comp_flags().

Referenced by set_min_fov().

void Lens::do_compute_film_mat ( CData cdata) [protected, virtual]

Computes the matrix that transforms from a point behind the lens to a point on the film.

Definition at line 1549 of file lens.cxx.

References do_adjust_comp_flags().

void Lens::do_compute_film_size ( CData cdata) [protected, virtual]

Computes the size and shape of the film behind the camera, based on the aspect ratio and fov.

Definition at line 1322 of file lens.cxx.

References do_adjust_comp_flags(), fov_to_film(), and fov_to_focal_length().

void Lens::do_compute_focal_length ( CData cdata) [protected, virtual]

Computes the focal length of the lens, based on the fov and film size.

This is based on the horizontal dimension.

Definition at line 1385 of file lens.cxx.

References do_adjust_comp_flags(), and fov_to_focal_length().

void Lens::do_compute_fov ( CData cdata) [protected, virtual]

Computes the field of view of the lens, based on the film size and focal length.

Definition at line 1402 of file lens.cxx.

References do_adjust_comp_flags(), film_to_fov(), and fov_to_focal_length().

void Lens::do_compute_lens_mat ( CData cdata) [protected, virtual]

Computes the matrix that transforms from a point in front of the lens to a point in space.

Definition at line 1583 of file lens.cxx.

References do_adjust_comp_flags(), and LMatrix4f::ident_mat().

void Lens::do_compute_projection_mat ( CData cdata) [protected, virtual]

Computes the complete transformation matrix from 3-d point to 2-d point, if the lens is linear.

Reimplemented in MatrixLens, OrthographicLens, and PerspectiveLens.

Definition at line 1530 of file lens.cxx.

References do_adjust_comp_flags(), and LMatrix4f::ident_mat().

void Lens::do_compute_view_hpr ( CData cdata) [protected, virtual]

Computes the Euler angles representing the lens' rotation.

Definition at line 1499 of file lens.cxx.

References do_adjust_comp_flags().

void Lens::do_compute_view_vector ( CData cdata) [protected, virtual]

Computes the view vector and up vector for the lens.

Definition at line 1514 of file lens.cxx.

References do_adjust_comp_flags(), LVector3f::forward(), and LVector3f::up().

bool Lens::do_extrude ( const CData cdata,
const LPoint3 point2d,
LPoint3 near_point,
LPoint3 far_point 
) const [protected, virtual]

Given a 2-d point in the range (-1,1) in both dimensions, where (0,0) is the center of the lens and (-1,-1) is the lower-left corner, compute the corresponding vector in space that maps to this point, if such a vector can be determined.

The vector is returned by indicating the points on the near plane and far plane that both map to the indicated 2-d point.

The z coordinate of the 2-d point is ignored.

Returns true if the vector is defined, or false otherwise.

Reimplemented in CylindricalLens, FisheyeLens, OSphereLens, and PSphereLens.

Definition at line 1216 of file lens.cxx.

References LMatrix4f::xform().

Referenced by extrude().

bool Lens::do_extrude_vec ( const CData cdata,
const LPoint3 point2d,
LVector3 vec 
) const [protected, virtual]

Given a 2-d point in the range (-1,1) in both dimensions, where (0,0) is the center of the lens and (-1,-1) is the lower-left corner, compute the vector that corresponds to the view direction.

This will be parallel to the normal on the surface (the far plane) corresponding to the lens shape at this point.

Generally, for all rational lenses, the center of the film at (0,0) computes a vector that is in the same direction as the vector specified by set_view_vector().

For all linear lenses, including perspective and orthographic lenses, all points on the film compute this same vector (the far plane is a flat plane, so the normal is the same everywhere). For curved lenses like fisheye and cylindrical lenses, different points may compute different vectors (the far "plane" on these lenses is a curved surface).

The z coordinate of the 2-d point is ignored.

Returns true if the vector is defined, or false otherwise.

Reimplemented in CylindricalLens, and FisheyeLens.

Definition at line 1275 of file lens.cxx.

References LVector3f::forward().

Referenced by extrude_vec().

bool Lens::do_project ( const CData cdata,
const LPoint3 point3d,
LPoint3 point2d 
) const [protected, virtual]

Given a 3-d point in space, determine the 2-d point this maps to, in the range (-1,1) in both dimensions, where (0,0) is the center of the lens and (-1,-1) is the lower-left corner.

The z coordinate will also be set to a value in the range (-1, 1), where 1 represents a point on the near plane, and -1 represents a point on the far plane.

Returns true if the 3-d point is in front of the lens and within the viewing frustum (in which case point2d is filled in), or false otherwise (in which case point2d will be filled in with something, which may or may not be meaningful).

Reimplemented in CylindricalLens, FisheyeLens, OSphereLens, and PSphereLens.

Definition at line 1299 of file lens.cxx.

References LMatrix4f::xform().

Referenced by project().

void Lens::do_throw_change_event ( CData cdata) [protected]

Throws the event associated with changing properties on this Lens, if any.

Definition at line 1177 of file lens.cxx.

Referenced by clear(), clear_keystone(), clear_view_mat(), set_convergence_distance(), set_coordinate_system(), set_interocular_distance(), set_keystone(), set_min_fov(), set_view_hpr(), and set_view_vector().

bool Lens::extrude ( const LPoint3 point2d,
LPoint3 near_point,
LPoint3 far_point 
) const [inline]

Given a 2-d point in the range (-1,1) in both dimensions, where (0,0) is the center of the lens and (-1,-1) is the lower-left corner, compute the corresponding vector in space that maps to this point, if such a vector can be determined.

The vector is returned by indicating the points on the near plane and far plane that both map to the indicated 2-d point.

The z coordinate of the 2-d point is ignored.

Returns true if the vector is defined, or false otherwise.

Definition at line 56 of file lens.I.

References do_extrude().

bool Lens::extrude ( const LPoint2 point2d,
LPoint3 near_point,
LPoint3 far_point 
) const [inline]

Given a 2-d point in the range (-1,1) in both dimensions, where (0,0) is the center of the lens and (-1,-1) is the lower-left corner, compute the corresponding vector in space that maps to this point, if such a vector can be determined.

The vector is returned by indicating the points on the near plane and far plane that both map to the indicated 2-d point.

Returns true if the vector is defined, or false otherwise.

Definition at line 32 of file lens.I.

References do_extrude().

Referenced by PortalClipper::prepare_portal(), CollisionSegment::set_from_lens(), and CollisionRay::set_from_lens().

bool Lens::extrude_vec ( const LPoint2 point2d,
LVector3 vec 
) const [inline]

Given a 2-d point in the range (-1,1) in both dimensions, where (0,0) is the center of the lens and (-1,-1) is the lower-left corner, compute the vector that corresponds to the view direction.

This will be parallel to the normal on the surface (the far plane) corresponding to the lens shape at this point.

See the comment block on Lens::extrude_vec_impl() for a more in-depth comment on the meaning of this vector.

Returns true if the vector is defined, or false otherwise.

Definition at line 80 of file lens.I.

References do_extrude_vec().

bool Lens::extrude_vec ( const LPoint3 point2d,
LVector3 vec 
) const [inline]

Given a 2-d point in the range (-1,1) in both dimensions, where (0,0) is the center of the lens and (-1,-1) is the lower-left corner, compute the vector that corresponds to the view direction.

This will be parallel to the normal on the surface (the far plane) corresponding to the lens shape at this point.

See the comment block on Lens::extrude_vec_impl() for a more in-depth comment on the meaning of this vector.

The z coordinate of the 2-d point is ignored.

Returns true if the vector is defined, or false otherwise.

Definition at line 106 of file lens.I.

References do_extrude_vec().

void Lens::fillin ( DatagramIterator scan,
BamReader manager 
) [protected, virtual]

This internal function is called by make_from_bam to read in all of the relevant data from the BamFile for the new Lens.

Reimplemented from TypedWritable.

Definition at line 1982 of file lens.cxx.

References BamReader::read_cdata().

Referenced by PerspectiveLens::make_from_bam(), OrthographicLens::make_from_bam(), and MatrixLens::make_from_bam().

PN_stdfloat Lens::film_to_fov ( PN_stdfloat  film_size,
PN_stdfloat  focal_length,
bool  horiz 
) const [protected, virtual]

Given a width (or height) on the film and a focal length, compute the field of view in degrees.

If horiz is true, this is in the horizontal direction; otherwise, it is in the vertical direction (some lenses behave differently in each direction).

Reimplemented in CylindricalLens, FisheyeLens, OSphereLens, PSphereLens, and PerspectiveLens.

Definition at line 1640 of file lens.cxx.

Referenced by do_compute_fov().

PN_stdfloat Lens::fov_to_film ( PN_stdfloat  fov,
PN_stdfloat  focal_length,
bool  horiz 
) const [protected, virtual]

Given a field of view in degrees and a focal length, compute the corresponding width (or height) on the film.

If horiz is true, this is in the horizontal direction; otherwise, it is in the vertical direction (some lenses behave differently in each direction).

Reimplemented in CylindricalLens, FisheyeLens, OSphereLens, PSphereLens, and PerspectiveLens.

Definition at line 1612 of file lens.cxx.

Referenced by do_compute_film_size().

PN_stdfloat Lens::fov_to_focal_length ( PN_stdfloat  fov,
PN_stdfloat  film_size,
bool  horiz 
) const [protected, virtual]

Given a field of view in degrees and a width (or height) on the film, compute the focal length of the lens.

If horiz is true, this is in the horizontal direction; otherwise, it is in the vertical direction (some lenses behave differently in each direction).

Reimplemented in CylindricalLens, FisheyeLens, OSphereLens, PSphereLens, and PerspectiveLens.

Definition at line 1626 of file lens.cxx.

Referenced by do_compute_film_size(), do_compute_focal_length(), and do_compute_fov().

PN_stdfloat Lens::get_aspect_ratio ( ) const [inline]

Returns the aspect ratio of the Lens.

This is determined based on the indicated film size; see set_film_size().

Definition at line 457 of file lens.I.

const string & Lens::get_change_event ( ) const [inline]

Returns the name of the event that will be generated whenever any properties of this particular Lens have changed.

Definition at line 184 of file lens.I.

PN_stdfloat Lens::get_convergence_distance ( ) const [inline]

See set_convergence_distance().

Definition at line 620 of file lens.I.

CoordinateSystem Lens::get_coordinate_system ( ) const [inline]

Returns the coordinate system that all 3-d computations are performed within for this Lens.

Normally, this is CS_default.

Definition at line 197 of file lens.I.

Referenced by SpeedTreeNode::cull_callback(), and PortalClipper::prepare_portal().

PN_stdfloat Lens::get_default_far ( ) [static]

Returns the default far plane distance that will be assigned to each newly-created lens.

This is read from the Configrc file.

Definition at line 179 of file lens.cxx.

PN_stdfloat Lens::get_default_near ( ) [static]

Returns the default near plane distance that will be assigned to each newly-created lens.

This is read from the Configrc file.

Definition at line 167 of file lens.cxx.

PN_stdfloat Lens::get_far ( ) const [inline]

Returns the position of the far plane (or cylinder, sphere, whatever).

Definition at line 507 of file lens.I.

Referenced by SpeedTreeNode::cull_callback().

const LMatrix4 & Lens::get_film_mat ( ) const [inline]

Returns the matrix that transforms from a point behind the lens to a point on the film.

Definition at line 703 of file lens.I.

const LMatrix4 & Lens::get_film_mat_inv ( ) const [inline]

Returns the matrix that transforms from a point on the film to a point behind the lens.

Definition at line 715 of file lens.I.

const LVector2 & Lens::get_film_offset ( ) const [inline]

Returns the horizontal and vertical offset amounts of this Lens.

See set_film_offset().

Definition at line 317 of file lens.I.

const LVecBase2 & Lens::get_film_size ( ) const [inline]

Returns the horizontal and vertical film size of the virtual film.

See set_film_size().

Definition at line 276 of file lens.I.

PN_stdfloat Lens::get_focal_length ( ) const [inline]

Returns the focal length of the lens.

This may have been set explicitly by a previous call to set_focal_length(), or it may be computed based on the lens' fov and film_size. For certain kinds of lenses, the focal length has no meaning.

Definition at line 348 of file lens.I.

const LVecBase2 & Lens::get_fov ( ) const [inline]

Returns the horizontal and vertical film size of the virtual film.

See set_fov().

Definition at line 408 of file lens.I.

Referenced by get_hfov(), and get_vfov().

PN_stdfloat Lens::get_hfov ( ) const [inline]

Returns the horizontal component of fov only.

See get_fov().

Definition at line 420 of file lens.I.

References get_fov().

Referenced by TinyGraphicsStateGuardian::bind_light(), DXGraphicsStateGuardian9::bind_light(), and DXGraphicsStateGuardian8::bind_light().

PN_stdfloat Lens::get_interocular_distance ( ) const [inline]

See set_interocular_distance().

Definition at line 580 of file lens.I.

const LVecBase2 & Lens::get_keystone ( ) const [inline]

Returns the keystone correction specified for the lens.

Definition at line 664 of file lens.I.

UpdateSeq Lens::get_last_change ( ) const [inline]

Returns the UpdateSeq that is incremented whenever the lens properties are changed.

As long as this number remains the same, you may assume the lens properties are unchanged.

Definition at line 753 of file lens.I.

const LMatrix4 & Lens::get_lens_mat ( ) const [inline]

Returns the matrix that transforms from a point in front of the lens to a point in space.

Definition at line 727 of file lens.I.

const LMatrix4 & Lens::get_lens_mat_inv ( ) const [inline]

Returns the matrix that transforms from a point in space to a point in front of the lens.

Definition at line 739 of file lens.I.

PN_stdfloat Lens::get_min_fov ( ) const

Returns the field of view of the narrowest dimension of the window.

See set_min_fov().

Definition at line 150 of file lens.cxx.

References CycleDataReader< CycleDataType >::p().

PN_stdfloat Lens::get_near ( ) const [inline]

Returns the position of the near plane (or cylinder, sphere, whatever).

Definition at line 482 of file lens.I.

Referenced by SpeedTreeNode::cull_callback().

LPoint3 Lens::get_nodal_point ( ) const

Returns the center point of the lens: the point from which the lens is viewing.

Definition at line 277 of file lens.cxx.

References LMatrix4f::get_row3(), and get_view_mat().

Referenced by TinyGraphicsStateGuardian::bind_light(), DXGraphicsStateGuardian9::bind_light(), and DXGraphicsStateGuardian8::bind_light().

const LMatrix4 & Lens::get_projection_mat ( StereoChannel  channel = SC_mono) const [inline]

Returns the complete transformation matrix from a 3-d point in space to a point on the film, if such a matrix exists, or the identity matrix if the lens is nonlinear.

Definition at line 678 of file lens.I.

Referenced by SpeedTreeNode::cull_callback(), and ScissorEffect::cull_callback().

const LMatrix4 & Lens::get_projection_mat_inv ( StereoChannel  channel = SC_mono) const [inline]

Returns the matrix that transforms from a 2-d point on the film to a 3-d vector in space, if such a matrix exists.

Definition at line 691 of file lens.I.

const LVector3 & Lens::get_up_vector ( ) const

Returns the axis perpendicular to the camera's view vector that indicates the "up" direction.

Definition at line 262 of file lens.cxx.

References CycleDataReader< CycleDataType >::p().

PN_stdfloat Lens::get_vfov ( ) const [inline]

Returns the vertical component of fov only.

See get_fov().

Definition at line 431 of file lens.I.

References get_fov().

const LVecBase3 & Lens::get_view_hpr ( ) const

Returns the direction in which the lens is facing.

Definition at line 211 of file lens.cxx.

References CycleDataReader< CycleDataType >::p().

const LMatrix4 & Lens::get_view_mat ( ) const [inline]

Returns the direction in which the lens is facing.

Definition at line 652 of file lens.I.

Referenced by get_nodal_point().

const LVector3 & Lens::get_view_vector ( ) const

Returns the axis along which the lens is facing.

Definition at line 247 of file lens.cxx.

References CycleDataReader< CycleDataType >::p().

Referenced by TinyGraphicsStateGuardian::bind_light(), DXGraphicsStateGuardian9::bind_light(), and DXGraphicsStateGuardian8::bind_light().

bool Lens::is_linear ( ) const [virtual]

Returns true if the lens represents a linear projection (e.g.

PerspectiveLens, OrthographicLens), and therefore there is a valid matrix returned by get_projection_mat(), or false otherwise.

Reimplemented in MatrixLens, OrthographicLens, and PerspectiveLens.

Definition at line 575 of file lens.cxx.

bool Lens::is_orthographic ( ) const [virtual]

Returns true if the lens represents a orthographic projection (i.e.

it is a OrthographicLens), false otherwise.

Reimplemented in OrthographicLens.

Definition at line 599 of file lens.cxx.

bool Lens::is_perspective ( ) const [virtual]

Returns true if the lens represents a perspective projection (i.e.

it is a PerspectiveLens), false otherwise.

Reimplemented in PerspectiveLens.

Definition at line 587 of file lens.cxx.

bool Lens::project ( const LPoint3 point3d,
LPoint2 point2d 
) const [inline]

Given a 3-d point in space, determine the 2-d point this maps to, in the range (-1,1) in both dimensions, where (0,0) is the center of the lens and (-1,-1) is the lower-left corner.

Returns true if the 3-d point is in front of the lens and within the viewing frustum (in which case point2d is filled in), or false otherwise (in which case point2d will be filled in with something, which may or may not be meaningful).

Definition at line 126 of file lens.I.

References do_project().

bool Lens::project ( const LPoint3 point3d,
LPoint3 point2d 
) const [inline]

Given a 3-d point in space, determine the 2-d point this maps to, in the range (-1,1) in both dimensions, where (0,0) is the center of the lens and (-1,-1) is the lower-left corner.

The z coordinate will also be set to a value in the range (-1, 1), where 1 represents a point on the near plane, and -1 represents a point on the far plane.

Returns true if the 3-d point is in front of the lens and within the viewing frustum (in which case point2d is filled in), or false otherwise (in which case point2d will be filled in with something, which may or may not be meaningful).

Definition at line 153 of file lens.I.

References do_project().

Referenced by PortalClipper::prepare_portal(), and PfmFile::project().

void Lens::recompute_all ( )

Forces all internal parameters of the Lens to be recomputed.

Normally, this should never need to be called; it is provided only to assist in debugging.

Definition at line 561 of file lens.cxx.

void Lens::set_aspect_ratio ( PN_stdfloat  aspect_ratio) [inline]

Sets the aspect ratio of the lens.

This is the ratio of the height to the width of the generated image. Setting this overrides the two-parameter fov or film size setting.

Definition at line 444 of file lens.I.

void Lens::set_change_event ( const string &  event) [inline]

Sets the name of the event that will be generated whenever any properties of the Lens have changed.

If this is not set for a particular lens, no event will be generated.

The event is thrown with one parameter, the lens itself. This can be used to automatically track changes to camera fov, etc. in the application.

Definition at line 171 of file lens.I.

void Lens::set_convergence_distance ( PN_stdfloat  convergence_distance) [inline]

Sets the distance between between the camera plane and the point in the distance that the left and right eyes are both looking at.

This distance is used to apply a stereo effect when the lens is rendered on a stereo display region. It only has an effect on a PerspectiveLens.

This parameter must be greater than 0, but may be as large as you like. It controls the amount to which the two eyes are directed inwards towards each other, which is a normal property of stereo vision. It is a distance, not an angle; normally this should be set to the distance from the camera to the area of interest in your scene. If you want to simulate parallel stereo, set this value to a very large number.

Also see set_interocular_distance(), which relates.

Definition at line 608 of file lens.I.

References do_throw_change_event().

void Lens::set_coordinate_system ( CoordinateSystem  cs)

Specifies the coordinate system that all 3-d computations are performed within for this Lens.

Normally, this is CS_default.

Definition at line 74 of file lens.cxx.

References do_adjust_comp_flags(), and do_throw_change_event().

void Lens::set_far ( PN_stdfloat  far_distance) [inline]

Defines the position of the far plane (or cylinder, sphere, whatever).

Points farther from the lens than this may not be rendered.

Definition at line 495 of file lens.I.

void Lens::set_film_offset ( const LVecBase2 film_offset) [inline]

Sets the horizontal and vertical offset amounts of this Lens.

These are both in the same units specified in set_film_size().

This can be used to establish an off-axis lens.

Definition at line 305 of file lens.I.

void Lens::set_film_offset ( PN_stdfloat  x,
PN_stdfloat  y 
) [inline]

Sets the horizontal and vertical offset amounts of this Lens.

These are both in the same units specified in set_film_size().

This can be used to establish an off-axis lens.

Definition at line 291 of file lens.I.

void Lens::set_film_size ( const LVecBase2 film_size) [inline]

Sets the size and shape of the "film" within the lens.

This both establishes the units used by calls like set_focal_length(), and establishes the aspect ratio of the frame.

In a physical camera, the field of view of a lens is determined by the lens' focal length and by the size of the film area exposed by the lens. For instance, a 35mm camera exposes a rectangle on the film about 24mm x 36mm, which means a 50mm lens gives about a 40-degree horizontal field of view.

In the virtual camera, you may set the film size to any units here, and specify a focal length in the same units to simulate the same effect. Or, you may ignore this parameter, and specify the field of view and aspect ratio of the lens directly.

Definition at line 264 of file lens.I.

void Lens::set_film_size ( PN_stdfloat  width) [inline]

Sets the horizontal size of the film without changing its shape.

The aspect ratio remains unchanged; this computes the vertical size of the film to automatically maintain the aspect ratio.

Definition at line 211 of file lens.I.

Referenced by RocketRegion::RocketRegion(), set_film_size(), SceneGraphAnalyzerMeter::setup_window(), and FrameRateMeter::setup_window().

void Lens::set_film_size ( PN_stdfloat  width,
PN_stdfloat  height 
) [inline]

Sets the size and shape of the "film" within the lens.

This both establishes the units used by calls like set_focal_length(), and establishes the aspect ratio of the frame.

In a physical camera, the field of view of a lens is determined by the lens' focal length and by the size of the film area exposed by the lens. For instance, a 35mm camera exposes a rectangle on the film about 24mm x 36mm, which means a 50mm lens gives about a 40-degree horizontal field of view.

In the virtual camera, you may set the film size to any units here, and specify a focal length in the same units to simulate the same effect. Or, you may ignore this parameter, and specify the field of view and aspect ratio of the lens directly.

Definition at line 238 of file lens.I.

References set_film_size().

void Lens::set_focal_length ( PN_stdfloat  focal_length) [inline]

Sets the focal length of the lens.

This may adjust the field-of-view correspondingly, and is an alternate way to specify field of view.

For certain kinds of lenses (e.g. OrthographicLens), the focal length has no meaning.

Definition at line 333 of file lens.I.

void Lens::set_fov ( PN_stdfloat  hfov) [inline]

Sets the horizontal field of view of the lens without changing the aspect ratio.

The vertical field of view is adjusted to maintain the same aspect ratio.

Definition at line 361 of file lens.I.

Referenced by GraphicsOutput::make_cube_map(), and set_fov().

void Lens::set_fov ( const LVecBase2 fov) [inline]

Sets the field of view of the lens in both dimensions.

This establishes both the field of view and the aspect ratio of the lens. This is one way to specify the field of view of a lens; set_focal_length() is another way.

For certain kinds of lenses (like OrthographicLens), the field of view has no meaning.

Definition at line 396 of file lens.I.

void Lens::set_fov ( PN_stdfloat  hfov,
PN_stdfloat  vfov 
) [inline]

Sets the field of view of the lens in both dimensions.

This establishes both the field of view and the aspect ratio of the lens. This is one way to specify the field of view of a lens; set_focal_length() is another way.

For certain kinds of lenses (like OrthoLens), the field of view has no meaning.

Definition at line 379 of file lens.I.

References set_fov().

void Lens::set_frustum_from_corners ( const LVecBase3 ul,
const LVecBase3 ur,
const LVecBase3 ll,
const LVecBase3 lr,
int  flags 
)

Sets up the lens to use the frustum defined by the four indicated points.

This is most useful for a PerspectiveLens, but it may be called for other kinds of lenses as well.

The frustum will be rooted at the origin (or by whatever translation might have been specified in a previous call to set_view_mat).

It is legal for the four points not to be arranged in a rectangle; if this is the case, the frustum will be fitted as tightly as possible to cover all four points.

The flags parameter contains the union of one or more of the following bits to control the behavior of this function:

FC_roll - If this is included, the camera may be rotated so that its up vector is perpendicular to the top line. Otherwise, the standard up vector is used.

FC_camera_plane - This allows the camera plane to be adjusted to be as nearly perpendicular to the center of the frustum as possible. Without this bit, the orientation camera plane is defined by position of the four points (which should all be coplanar). With this bit, the camera plane is arbitarary, and may be chosen so that the four points do not themselves lie in the camera plane (but the points will still be within the frustum).

FC_off_axis - This allows the resulting frustum to be off-axis to get the tightest possible fit. Without this bit, the viewing axis will be centered within the frustum, but there may be more wasted space along the edges.

FC_aspect_ratio - This allows the frustum to be scaled non-proportionately in the vertical and horizontal dimensions, if necessary, to get a tighter fit. Without this bit, the current aspect ratio will be preserved.

FC_shear - This allows the frustum to be sheared, if necessary, to get the tightest possible fit. This may result in a parallelogram-based frustum, which will give a slanted appearance to the rendered image. Without this bit, the frustum will be rectangle-based.

In general, if 0 is passed in as the value for flags, the generated frustum will be a loose fit but sane; if -1 is passed in, it will be a tighter fit and possibly screwy.

Definition at line 403 of file lens.cxx.

References LMatrix4f::get_row3(), LMatrix4f::ident_mat(), LMatrix4f::invert_affine_from(), LMatrix4f::invert_from(), LVecBase3f::is_nan(), LVecBase3f::length_squared(), LMatrix4f::set_row(), LVector3f::up(), and LMatrix4f::xform_point().

void Lens::set_interocular_distance ( PN_stdfloat  interocular_distance) [inline]

Sets the distance between the left and right eyes of a stereo camera.

This distance is used to apply a stereo effect when the lens is rendered on a stereo display region. It only has an effect on a PerspectiveLens.

The left eye and the right eye are each offset along the X axis by half of this distance, so that this parameter specifies the total distance between them.

Also see set_convergence_distance(), which relates.

Definition at line 568 of file lens.I.

References do_throw_change_event().

void Lens::set_keystone ( const LVecBase2 keystone)

Indicates the ratio of keystone correction to perform on the lens, in each of three axes.

This will build a special non-affine scale factor into the projection matrix that will compensate for keystoning of a projected image; this can be used to compensate for a projector that for physical reasons cannot be aimed directly at its screen.

The default value is taken from the default-keystone Config variable. 0, 0 indicates no keystone correction; specify a small value (usually in the range -1 .. 1) in either the x or y position to generate a keystone correction in that axis.

Definition at line 316 of file lens.cxx.

References do_adjust_comp_flags(), do_adjust_user_flags(), do_throw_change_event(), and LVecBase2f::is_nan().

void Lens::set_min_fov ( PN_stdfloat  min_fov)

Sets the field of view of the smallest dimension of the window.

If the window is wider than it is tall, this specifies the vertical field of view; if it is taller than it is wide, this specifies the horizontal field of view.

In many cases, this is preferable to setting either the horizontal or vertical field of view explicitly. Setting this parameter means that pulling the window wider will widen the field of view, which is usually what you expect to happen.

Definition at line 113 of file lens.cxx.

References do_adjust_comp_flags(), do_adjust_user_flags(), do_compute_aspect_ratio(), and do_throw_change_event().

void Lens::set_near ( PN_stdfloat  near_distance) [inline]

Defines the position of the near plane (or cylinder, sphere, whatever).

Points closer to the lens than this may not be rendered.

Definition at line 470 of file lens.I.

void Lens::set_near_far ( PN_stdfloat  near_distance,
PN_stdfloat  far_distance 
) [inline]

Simultaneously changes the near and far planes.

Definition at line 518 of file lens.I.

void Lens::set_view_hpr ( const LVecBase3 view_hpr)

Sets the direction in which the lens is facing.

Normally, this is down the forward axis (usually the Y axis), but it may be rotated. This is only one way of specifying the rotation; you may also specify an explicit vector in which to look, or you may give a complete transformation matrix.

Definition at line 194 of file lens.cxx.

References do_adjust_comp_flags(), do_adjust_user_flags(), do_throw_change_event(), and LVecBase3f::is_nan().

void Lens::set_view_hpr ( PN_stdfloat  h,
PN_stdfloat  p,
PN_stdfloat  r 
) [inline]

Sets the direction in which the lens is facing.

Normally, this is down the forward axis (usually the Y axis), but it may be rotated. This is only one way of specifying the rotation; you may also specify an explicit vector in which to look, or you may give a complete transformation matrix.

Definition at line 534 of file lens.I.

void Lens::set_view_mat ( const LMatrix4 view_mat) [inline]

Sets an arbitrary transformation on the lens.

This replaces the individual transformation components like set_view_hpr().

Setting a transformation here will have a slightly different effect than putting one on the LensNode that contains this lens. In particular, lighting and other effects computations will still be performed on the lens in its untransformed (facing forward) position, but the actual projection matrix will be transformed by this matrix.

Definition at line 641 of file lens.I.

void Lens::set_view_vector ( PN_stdfloat  x,
PN_stdfloat  y,
PN_stdfloat  z,
PN_stdfloat  i,
PN_stdfloat  j,
PN_stdfloat  k 
) [inline]

Specifies the direction in which the lens is facing by giving an axis to look along, and a perpendicular (or at least non-parallel) up axis.

See also set_view_hpr().

Definition at line 548 of file lens.I.

Referenced by PointLight::PointLight().

void Lens::set_view_vector ( const LVector3 view_vector,
const LVector3 up_vector 
)

Specifies the direction in which the lens is facing by giving an axis to look along, and a perpendicular (or at least non-parallel) up axis.

See also set_view_hpr().

Definition at line 229 of file lens.cxx.

References do_adjust_comp_flags(), do_adjust_user_flags(), do_throw_change_event(), and LVecBase3f::is_nan().

void Lens::write_datagram ( BamWriter manager,
Datagram dg 
) [virtual]

Writes the contents of this object to the datagram for shipping out to a Bam file.

Reimplemented from TypedWritable.

Definition at line 1969 of file lens.cxx.

References BamWriter::write_cdata().


The documentation for this class was generated from the following files:
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