tinyxml.cpp

/*
www.sourceforge.net/projects/tinyxml
Original code (2.0 and earlier )copyright (c) 2000-2006 Lee Thomason (www.grinninglizard.com)

This software is provided 'as-is', without any express or implied
warranty. In no event will the authors be held liable for any
damages arising from the use of this software.

Permission is granted to anyone to use this software for any
purpose, including commercial applications, and to alter it and
redistribute it freely, subject to the following restrictions:

1. The origin of this software must not be misrepresented; you must
not claim that you wrote the original software. If you use this
software in a product, an acknowledgment in the product documentation
would be appreciated but is not required.

2. Altered source versions must be plainly marked as such, and
must not be misrepresented as being the original software.

3. This notice may not be removed or altered from any source
distribution.
*/

#include <ctype.h>

#ifdef TIXML_USE_STL
#include <sstream>
#include <iostream>
#endif
#ifdef _WIN32
#include <windows.h>
#endif  // _WIN32

#include "tinyxml.h"

FILE* TiXmlFOpen( const char* filename, const char* mode );

bool TiXmlBase::condenseWhiteSpace = true;

// Microsoft compiler security
FILE* TiXmlFOpen( const char* filename, const char* mode )
{
  #if defined(_MSC_VER) && (_MSC_VER >= 1400 )
    FILE* fp = nullptr;

        /* Addition by drwr for Windows wide-character support */
    //errno_t err = fopen_s( &fp, filename, mode );
        errno_t err = 1;
        {
          int size = MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0, filename, -1,
                                         NULL, 0);
          if (size > 0) {
            wchar_t *buffer = new wchar_t[size];
            int rc = MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0, filename, -1,
                                         buffer, size);
            if (rc != 0) {
              buffer[size - 1] = 0;
              err = _wfopen_s( &fp, buffer, mode[0] == 'w' ? L"w" : L"rb" );
            }
            delete[] buffer;
          }
        }
        /* End wide-character addition */

    if ( !err && fp )
      return fp;
    return nullptr;
  #else
    return fopen( filename, mode );
  #endif
}

void TiXmlBase::EncodeString( const TIXML_STRING& str, TIXML_STRING* outString )
{
  int i=0;

  while( i<(int)str.length() )
  {
    unsigned char c = (unsigned char) str[i];

    if (    c == '&' 
         && i < ( (int)str.length() - 2 )
       && str[i+1] == '#'
       && str[i+2] == 'x' )
    {
      // Hexadecimal character reference.
      // Pass through unchanged.
      // &#xA9; -- copyright symbol, for example.
      //
      // The -1 is a bug fix from Rob Laveaux. It keeps
      // an overflow from happening if there is no ';'.
      // There are actually 2 ways to exit this loop -
      // while fails (error case) and break (semicolon found).
      // However, there is no mechanism (currently) for
      // this function to return an error.
      while ( i<(int)str.length()-1 )
      {
        outString->append( str.c_str() + i, 1 );
        ++i;
        if ( str[i] == ';' )
          break;
      }
    }
    else if ( c == '&' )
    {
      outString->append( entity[0].str, entity[0].strLength );
      ++i;
    }
    else if ( c == '<' )
    {
      outString->append( entity[1].str, entity[1].strLength );
      ++i;
    }
    else if ( c == '>' )
    {
      outString->append( entity[2].str, entity[2].strLength );
      ++i;
    }
    else if ( c == '\"' )
    {
      outString->append( entity[3].str, entity[3].strLength );
      ++i;
    }
    else if ( c == '\'' )
    {
      outString->append( entity[4].str, entity[4].strLength );
      ++i;
    }
    else if ( c < 32 )
    {
      // Easy pass at non-alpha/numeric/symbol
      // Below 32 is symbolic.
      char buf[ 32 ];
      
      #if defined(TIXML_SNPRINTF)   
        TIXML_SNPRINTF( buf, sizeof(buf), "&#x%02X;", (unsigned) ( c & 0xff ) );
      #else
        sprintf( buf, "&#x%02X;", (unsigned) ( c & 0xff ) );
      #endif    

      //*ME:  warning C4267: convert 'size_t' to 'int'
      //*ME:  Int-Cast to make compiler happy ...
      outString->append( buf, (int)strlen( buf ) );
      ++i;
    }
    else
    {
      //char realc = (char) c;
      //outString->append( &realc, 1 );
      *outString += (char) c; // somewhat more efficient function call.
      ++i;
    }
  }
}


TiXmlNode::TiXmlNode( NodeType _type ) : TiXmlBase()
{
  parent = nullptr;
  type = _type;
  firstChild = nullptr;
  lastChild = nullptr;
  prev = nullptr;
  next = nullptr;
}


TiXmlNode::~TiXmlNode()
{
  TiXmlNode* node = firstChild;
  TiXmlNode* temp = nullptr;

  while ( node )
  {
    temp = node;
    node = node->next;
    delete temp;
  } 
}


void TiXmlNode::CopyTo( TiXmlNode* target ) const
{
  target->SetValue (value.c_str() );
  target->userData = userData; 
  target->location = location;
}


void TiXmlNode::Clear()
{
  TiXmlNode* node = firstChild;
  TiXmlNode* temp = nullptr;

  while ( node )
  {
    temp = node;
    node = node->next;
    delete temp;
  } 

  firstChild = nullptr;
  lastChild = nullptr;
}


TiXmlNode* TiXmlNode::LinkEndChild( TiXmlNode* node )
{
  assert( node->parent == nullptr || node->parent == this );
  assert( node->GetDocument() == nullptr || node->GetDocument() == this->GetDocument() );

  if ( node->Type() == TiXmlNode::TINYXML_DOCUMENT )
  {
    delete node;
    if ( GetDocument() ) GetDocument()->SetError( TIXML_ERROR_DOCUMENT_TOP_ONLY, nullptr, nullptr, TIXML_ENCODING_UNKNOWN );
    return nullptr;
  }

  node->parent = this;

  node->prev = lastChild;
  node->next = nullptr;

  if ( lastChild )
    lastChild->next = node;
  else
    firstChild = node;      // it was an empty list.

  lastChild = node;
  return node;
}


TiXmlNode* TiXmlNode::InsertEndChild( const TiXmlNode& addThis )
{
  if ( addThis.Type() == TiXmlNode::TINYXML_DOCUMENT )
  {
    if ( GetDocument() ) GetDocument()->SetError( TIXML_ERROR_DOCUMENT_TOP_ONLY, nullptr, nullptr, TIXML_ENCODING_UNKNOWN );
    return nullptr;
  }
  TiXmlNode* node = addThis.Clone();
  if ( !node )
    return nullptr;

  return LinkEndChild( node );
}


TiXmlNode* TiXmlNode::InsertBeforeChild( TiXmlNode* beforeThis, const TiXmlNode& addThis )
{ 
  if ( !beforeThis || beforeThis->parent != this ) {
    return nullptr;
  }
  if ( addThis.Type() == TiXmlNode::TINYXML_DOCUMENT )
  {
    if ( GetDocument() ) GetDocument()->SetError( TIXML_ERROR_DOCUMENT_TOP_ONLY, nullptr, nullptr, TIXML_ENCODING_UNKNOWN );
    return nullptr;
  }

  TiXmlNode* node = addThis.Clone();
  if ( !node )
    return nullptr;
  node->parent = this;

  node->next = beforeThis;
  node->prev = beforeThis->prev;
  if ( beforeThis->prev )
  {
    beforeThis->prev->next = node;
  }
  else
  {
    assert( firstChild == beforeThis );
    firstChild = node;
  }
  beforeThis->prev = node;
  return node;
}


TiXmlNode* TiXmlNode::InsertAfterChild( TiXmlNode* afterThis, const TiXmlNode& addThis )
{
  if ( !afterThis || afterThis->parent != this ) {
    return nullptr;
  }
  if ( addThis.Type() == TiXmlNode::TINYXML_DOCUMENT )
  {
    if ( GetDocument() ) GetDocument()->SetError( TIXML_ERROR_DOCUMENT_TOP_ONLY, nullptr, nullptr, TIXML_ENCODING_UNKNOWN );
    return nullptr;
  }

  TiXmlNode* node = addThis.Clone();
  if ( !node )
    return nullptr;
  node->parent = this;

  node->prev = afterThis;
  node->next = afterThis->next;
  if ( afterThis->next )
  {
    afterThis->next->prev = node;
  }
  else
  {
    assert( lastChild == afterThis );
    lastChild = node;
  }
  afterThis->next = node;
  return node;
}


TiXmlNode* TiXmlNode::ReplaceChild( TiXmlNode* replaceThis, const TiXmlNode& withThis )
{
  if ( !replaceThis )
    return nullptr;

  if ( replaceThis->parent != this )
    return nullptr;

  if ( withThis.ToDocument() ) {
    // A document can never be a child. Thanks to Noam.
    TiXmlDocument* document = GetDocument();
    if ( document ) 
      document->SetError( TIXML_ERROR_DOCUMENT_TOP_ONLY, nullptr, nullptr, TIXML_ENCODING_UNKNOWN );
    return nullptr;
  }

  TiXmlNode* node = withThis.Clone();
  if ( !node )
    return nullptr;

  node->next = replaceThis->next;
  node->prev = replaceThis->prev;

  if ( replaceThis->next )
    replaceThis->next->prev = node;
  else
    lastChild = node;

  if ( replaceThis->prev )
    replaceThis->prev->next = node;
  else
    firstChild = node;

  delete replaceThis;
  node->parent = this;
  return node;
}


bool TiXmlNode::RemoveChild( TiXmlNode* removeThis )
{
  if ( !removeThis ) {
    return false;
  }

  if ( removeThis->parent != this )
  { 
    assert( 0 );
    return false;
  }

  if ( removeThis->next )
    removeThis->next->prev = removeThis->prev;
  else
    lastChild = removeThis->prev;

  if ( removeThis->prev )
    removeThis->prev->next = removeThis->next;
  else
    firstChild = removeThis->next;

  delete removeThis;
  return true;
}

const TiXmlNode* TiXmlNode::FirstChild( const char * _value ) const
{
  const TiXmlNode* node;
  for ( node = firstChild; node; node = node->next )
  {
    if ( strcmp( node->Value(), _value ) == 0 )
      return node;
  }
  return nullptr;
}


const TiXmlNode* TiXmlNode::LastChild( const char * _value ) const
{
  const TiXmlNode* node;
  for ( node = lastChild; node; node = node->prev )
  {
    if ( strcmp( node->Value(), _value ) == 0 )
      return node;
  }
  return nullptr;
}


const TiXmlNode* TiXmlNode::IterateChildren( const TiXmlNode* previous ) const
{
  if ( !previous )
  {
    return FirstChild();
  }
  else
  {
    assert( previous->parent == this );
    return previous->NextSibling();
  }
}


const TiXmlNode* TiXmlNode::IterateChildren( const char * val, const TiXmlNode* previous ) const
{
  if ( !previous )
  {
    return FirstChild( val );
  }
  else
  {
    assert( previous->parent == this );
    return previous->NextSibling( val );
  }
}


const TiXmlNode* TiXmlNode::NextSibling( const char * _value ) const 
{
  const TiXmlNode* node;
  for ( node = next; node; node = node->next )
  {
    if ( strcmp( node->Value(), _value ) == 0 )
      return node;
  }
  return nullptr;
}


const TiXmlNode* TiXmlNode::PreviousSibling( const char * _value ) const
{
  const TiXmlNode* node;
  for ( node = prev; node; node = node->prev )
  {
    if ( strcmp( node->Value(), _value ) == 0 )
      return node;
  }
  return nullptr;
}


void TiXmlElement::RemoveAttribute( const char * name )
{
    #ifdef TIXML_USE_STL
  TIXML_STRING str( name );
  TiXmlAttribute* node = attributeSet.Find( str );
  #else
  TiXmlAttribute* node = attributeSet.Find( name );
  #endif
  if ( node )
  {
    attributeSet.Remove( node );
    delete node;
  }
}

const TiXmlElement* TiXmlNode::FirstChildElement() const
{
  const TiXmlNode* node;

  for ( node = FirstChild();
      node;
      node = node->NextSibling() )
  {
    if ( node->ToElement() )
      return node->ToElement();
  }
  return nullptr;
}


const TiXmlElement* TiXmlNode::FirstChildElement( const char * _value ) const
{
  const TiXmlNode* node;

  for ( node = FirstChild( _value );
      node;
      node = node->NextSibling( _value ) )
  {
    if ( node->ToElement() )
      return node->ToElement();
  }
  return nullptr;
}


const TiXmlElement* TiXmlNode::NextSiblingElement() const
{
  const TiXmlNode* node;

  for ( node = NextSibling();
      node;
      node = node->NextSibling() )
  {
    if ( node->ToElement() )
      return node->ToElement();
  }
  return nullptr;
}


const TiXmlElement* TiXmlNode::NextSiblingElement( const char * _value ) const
{
  const TiXmlNode* node;

  for ( node = NextSibling( _value );
      node;
      node = node->NextSibling( _value ) )
  {
    if ( node->ToElement() )
      return node->ToElement();
  }
  return nullptr;
}


const TiXmlDocument* TiXmlNode::GetDocument() const
{
  const TiXmlNode* node;

  for( node = this; node; node = node->parent )
  {
    if ( node->ToDocument() )
      return node->ToDocument();
  }
  return nullptr;
}


TiXmlElement::TiXmlElement (const char * _value)
  : TiXmlNode( TiXmlNode::TINYXML_ELEMENT )
{
  firstChild = lastChild = nullptr;
  value = _value;
}


#ifdef TIXML_USE_STL
TiXmlElement::TiXmlElement( const std::string& _value ) 
  : TiXmlNode( TiXmlNode::TINYXML_ELEMENT )
{
  firstChild = lastChild = nullptr;
  value = _value;
}
#endif


TiXmlElement::TiXmlElement( const TiXmlElement& copy)
  : TiXmlNode( TiXmlNode::TINYXML_ELEMENT )
{
  firstChild = lastChild = nullptr;
  copy.CopyTo( this );  
}


void TiXmlElement::operator=( const TiXmlElement& base )
{
  ClearThis();
  base.CopyTo( this );
}


TiXmlElement::~TiXmlElement()
{
  ClearThis();
}


void TiXmlElement::ClearThis()
{
  Clear();
  while( attributeSet.First() )
  {
    TiXmlAttribute* node = attributeSet.First();
    attributeSet.Remove( node );
    delete node;
  }
}


const char* TiXmlElement::Attribute( const char* name ) const
{
  const TiXmlAttribute* node = attributeSet.Find( name );
  if ( node )
    return node->Value();
  return nullptr;
}


#ifdef TIXML_USE_STL
const std::string* TiXmlElement::Attribute( const std::string& name ) const
{
  const TiXmlAttribute* attrib = attributeSet.Find( name );
  if ( attrib )
    return &attrib->ValueStr();
  return nullptr;
}
#endif


const char* TiXmlElement::Attribute( const char* name, int* i ) const
{
  const TiXmlAttribute* attrib = attributeSet.Find( name );
  const char* result = nullptr;

  if ( attrib ) {
    result = attrib->Value();
    if ( i ) {
      attrib->QueryIntValue( i );
    }
  }
  return result;
}


#ifdef TIXML_USE_STL
const std::string* TiXmlElement::Attribute( const std::string& name, int* i ) const
{
  const TiXmlAttribute* attrib = attributeSet.Find( name );
  const std::string* result = nullptr;

  if ( attrib ) {
    result = &attrib->ValueStr();
    if ( i ) {
      attrib->QueryIntValue( i );
    }
  }
  return result;
}
#endif


const char* TiXmlElement::Attribute( const char* name, double* d ) const
{
  const TiXmlAttribute* attrib = attributeSet.Find( name );
  const char* result = nullptr;

  if ( attrib ) {
    result = attrib->Value();
    if ( d ) {
      attrib->QueryDoubleValue( d );
    }
  }
  return result;
}


#ifdef TIXML_USE_STL
const std::string* TiXmlElement::Attribute( const std::string& name, double* d ) const
{
  const TiXmlAttribute* attrib = attributeSet.Find( name );
  const std::string* result = nullptr;

  if ( attrib ) {
    result = &attrib->ValueStr();
    if ( d ) {
      attrib->QueryDoubleValue( d );
    }
  }
  return result;
}
#endif


int TiXmlElement::QueryIntAttribute( const char* name, int* ival ) const
{
  const TiXmlAttribute* attrib = attributeSet.Find( name );
  if ( !attrib )
    return TIXML_NO_ATTRIBUTE;
  return attrib->QueryIntValue( ival );
}


#ifdef TIXML_USE_STL
int TiXmlElement::QueryIntAttribute( const std::string& name, int* ival ) const
{
  const TiXmlAttribute* attrib = attributeSet.Find( name );
  if ( !attrib )
    return TIXML_NO_ATTRIBUTE;
  return attrib->QueryIntValue( ival );
}
#endif


int TiXmlElement::QueryDoubleAttribute( const char* name, double* dval ) const
{
  const TiXmlAttribute* attrib = attributeSet.Find( name );
  if ( !attrib )
    return TIXML_NO_ATTRIBUTE;
  return attrib->QueryDoubleValue( dval );
}


#ifdef TIXML_USE_STL
int TiXmlElement::QueryDoubleAttribute( const std::string& name, double* dval ) const
{
  const TiXmlAttribute* attrib = attributeSet.Find( name );
  if ( !attrib )
    return TIXML_NO_ATTRIBUTE;
  return attrib->QueryDoubleValue( dval );
}
#endif


void TiXmlElement::SetAttribute( const char * name, int val )
{ 
  TiXmlAttribute* attrib = attributeSet.FindOrCreate( name );
  if ( attrib ) {
    attrib->SetIntValue( val );
  }
}


#ifdef TIXML_USE_STL
void TiXmlElement::SetAttribute( const std::string& name, int val )
{ 
  TiXmlAttribute* attrib = attributeSet.FindOrCreate( name );
  if ( attrib ) {
    attrib->SetIntValue( val );
  }
}
#endif


void TiXmlElement::SetDoubleAttribute( const char * name, double val )
{ 
  TiXmlAttribute* attrib = attributeSet.FindOrCreate( name );
  if ( attrib ) {
    attrib->SetDoubleValue( val );
  }
}


#ifdef TIXML_USE_STL
void TiXmlElement::SetDoubleAttribute( const std::string& name, double val )
{ 
  TiXmlAttribute* attrib = attributeSet.FindOrCreate( name );
  if ( attrib ) {
    attrib->SetDoubleValue( val );
  }
}
#endif 


void TiXmlElement::SetAttribute( const char * cname, const char * cvalue )
{
  TiXmlAttribute* attrib = attributeSet.FindOrCreate( cname );
  if ( attrib ) {
    attrib->SetValue( cvalue );
  }
}


#ifdef TIXML_USE_STL
void TiXmlElement::SetAttribute( const std::string& _name, const std::string& _value )
{
  TiXmlAttribute* attrib = attributeSet.FindOrCreate( _name );
  if ( attrib ) {
    attrib->SetValue( _value );
  }
}
#endif


void TiXmlElement::Print( FILE* cfile, int depth ) const
{
  int i;
  assert( cfile );
  for ( i=0; i<depth; i++ ) {
    fprintf( cfile, "    " );
  }

  fprintf( cfile, "<%s", value.c_str() );

  const TiXmlAttribute* attrib;
  for ( attrib = attributeSet.First(); attrib; attrib = attrib->Next() )
  {
    fprintf( cfile, " " );
    attrib->Print( cfile, depth );
  }

  // There are 3 different formatting approaches:
  // 1) An element without children is printed as a <foo /> node
  // 2) An element with only a text child is printed as <foo> text </foo>
  // 3) An element with children is printed on multiple lines.
  TiXmlNode* node;
  if ( !firstChild )
  {
    fprintf( cfile, " />" );
  }
  else if ( firstChild == lastChild && firstChild->ToText() )
  {
    fprintf( cfile, ">" );
    firstChild->Print( cfile, depth + 1 );
    fprintf( cfile, "</%s>", value.c_str() );
  }
  else
  {
    fprintf( cfile, ">" );

    for ( node = firstChild; node; node=node->NextSibling() )
    {
      if ( !node->ToText() )
      {
        fprintf( cfile, "\n" );
      }
      node->Print( cfile, depth+1 );
    }
    fprintf( cfile, "\n" );
    for( i=0; i<depth; ++i ) {
      fprintf( cfile, "    " );
    }
    fprintf( cfile, "</%s>", value.c_str() );
  }
}


void TiXmlElement::CopyTo( TiXmlElement* target ) const
{
  // superclass:
  TiXmlNode::CopyTo( target );

  // Element class: 
  // Clone the attributes, then clone the children.
  const TiXmlAttribute* attribute = nullptr;
  for(  attribute = attributeSet.First();
  attribute;
  attribute = attribute->Next() )
  {
    target->SetAttribute( attribute->Name(), attribute->Value() );
  }

  TiXmlNode* node = nullptr;
  for ( node = firstChild; node; node = node->NextSibling() )
  {
    target->LinkEndChild( node->Clone() );
  }
}

bool TiXmlElement::Accept( TiXmlVisitor* visitor ) const
{
  if ( visitor->VisitEnter( *this, attributeSet.First() ) ) 
  {
    for ( const TiXmlNode* node=FirstChild(); node; node=node->NextSibling() )
    {
      if ( !node->Accept( visitor ) )
        break;
    }
  }
  return visitor->VisitExit( *this );
}


TiXmlNode* TiXmlElement::Clone() const
{
  TiXmlElement* clone = new TiXmlElement( Value() );
  if ( !clone )
    return nullptr;

  CopyTo( clone );
  return clone;
}


const char* TiXmlElement::GetText() const
{
  const TiXmlNode* child = this->FirstChild();
  if ( child ) {
    const TiXmlText* childText = child->ToText();
    if ( childText ) {
      return childText->Value();
    }
  }
  return nullptr;
}


TiXmlDocument::TiXmlDocument() : TiXmlNode( TiXmlNode::TINYXML_DOCUMENT )
{
  tabsize = 4;
  useMicrosoftBOM = false;
  ClearError();
}

TiXmlDocument::TiXmlDocument( const char * documentName ) : TiXmlNode( TiXmlNode::TINYXML_DOCUMENT )
{
  tabsize = 4;
  useMicrosoftBOM = false;
  value = documentName;
  ClearError();
}


#ifdef TIXML_USE_STL
TiXmlDocument::TiXmlDocument( const std::string& documentName ) : TiXmlNode( TiXmlNode::TINYXML_DOCUMENT )
{
  tabsize = 4;
  useMicrosoftBOM = false;
    value = documentName;
  ClearError();
}
#endif


TiXmlDocument::TiXmlDocument( const TiXmlDocument& copy ) : TiXmlNode( TiXmlNode::TINYXML_DOCUMENT )
{
  copy.CopyTo( this );
}


void TiXmlDocument::operator=( const TiXmlDocument& copy )
{
  Clear();
  copy.CopyTo( this );
}


bool TiXmlDocument::LoadFile( TiXmlEncoding encoding )
{
  return LoadFile( Value(), encoding );
}


bool TiXmlDocument::SaveFile() const
{
  return SaveFile( Value() );
}

bool TiXmlDocument::LoadFile( const char* _filename, TiXmlEncoding encoding )
{
  TIXML_STRING filename( _filename );
  value = filename;

  // reading in binary mode so that tinyxml can normalize the EOL
  FILE* file = TiXmlFOpen( value.c_str (), "rb" );  

  if ( file )
  {
    bool result = LoadFile( file, encoding );
    fclose( file );
    return result;
  }
  else
  {
    SetError( TIXML_ERROR_OPENING_FILE, nullptr, nullptr, TIXML_ENCODING_UNKNOWN );
    return false;
  }
}

bool TiXmlDocument::LoadFile( FILE* file, TiXmlEncoding encoding )
{
  if ( !file ) 
  {
    SetError( TIXML_ERROR_OPENING_FILE, nullptr, nullptr, TIXML_ENCODING_UNKNOWN );
    return false;
  }

  // Delete the existing data:
  Clear();
  location.Clear();

  // Get the file size, so we can pre-allocate the string. HUGE speed impact.
  long length = 0;
  fseek( file, 0, SEEK_END );
  length = ftell( file );
  fseek( file, 0, SEEK_SET );

  // Strange case, but good to handle up front.
  if ( length <= 0 )
  {
    SetError( TIXML_ERROR_DOCUMENT_EMPTY, nullptr, nullptr, TIXML_ENCODING_UNKNOWN );
    return false;
  }

  // Subtle bug here. TinyXml did use fgets. But from the XML spec:
  // 2.11 End-of-Line Handling
  // <snip>
  // <quote>
  // ...the XML processor MUST behave as if it normalized all line breaks in external 
  // parsed entities (including the document entity) on input, before parsing, by translating 
  // both the two-character sequence #xD #xA and any #xD that is not followed by #xA to 
  // a single #xA character.
  // </quote>
  //
  // It is not clear fgets does that, and certainly isn't clear it works cross platform. 
  // Generally, you expect fgets to translate from the convention of the OS to the c/unix
  // convention, and not work generally.

  /*
  while( fgets( buf, sizeof(buf), file ) )
  {
    data += buf;
  }
  */

  char* buf = new char[ length+1 ];
  buf[0] = 0;

  if ( fread( buf, length, 1, file ) != 1 ) {
    delete [] buf;
    SetError( TIXML_ERROR_OPENING_FILE, nullptr, nullptr, TIXML_ENCODING_UNKNOWN );
    return false;
  }

  // Process the buffer in place to normalize new lines. (See comment above.)
  // Copies from the 'p' to 'q' pointer, where p can advance faster if
  // a newline-carriage return is hit.
  //
  // Wikipedia:
  // Systems based on ASCII or a compatible character set use either LF  (Line feed, '\n', 0x0A, 10 in decimal) or 
  // CR (Carriage return, '\r', 0x0D, 13 in decimal) individually, or CR followed by LF (CR+LF, 0x0D 0x0A)...
  //    * LF:    Multics, Unix and Unix-like systems (GNU/Linux, AIX, Xenix, Mac OS X, FreeBSD, etc.), BeOS, Amiga, RISC OS, and others
    //    * CR+LF: DEC RT-11 and most other early non-Unix, non-IBM OSes, CP/M, MP/M, DOS, OS/2, Microsoft Windows, Symbian OS
    //    * CR:    Commodore 8-bit machines, Apple II family, Mac OS up to version 9 and OS-9

  const char* p = buf;  // the read head
  char* q = buf;      // the write head
  const char CR = 0x0d;
  const char LF = 0x0a;

  buf[length] = 0;
  while( *p ) {
    assert( p < (buf+length) );
    assert( q <= (buf+length) );
    assert( q <= p );

    if ( *p == CR ) {
      *q++ = LF;
      p++;
      if ( *p == LF ) {   // check for CR+LF (and skip LF)
        p++;
      }
    }
    else {
      *q++ = *p++;
    }
  }
  assert( q <= (buf+length) );
  *q = 0;

  Parse( buf, nullptr, encoding );

  delete [] buf;
  return !Error();
}


bool TiXmlDocument::SaveFile( const char * filename ) const
{
  // The old c stuff lives on...
  FILE* fp = TiXmlFOpen( filename, "w" );
  if ( fp )
  {
    bool result = SaveFile( fp );
    fclose( fp );
    return result;
  }
  return false;
}


bool TiXmlDocument::SaveFile( FILE* fp ) const
{
  if ( useMicrosoftBOM ) 
  {
    const unsigned char TIXML_UTF_LEAD_0 = 0xefU;
    const unsigned char TIXML_UTF_LEAD_1 = 0xbbU;
    const unsigned char TIXML_UTF_LEAD_2 = 0xbfU;

    fputc( TIXML_UTF_LEAD_0, fp );
    fputc( TIXML_UTF_LEAD_1, fp );
    fputc( TIXML_UTF_LEAD_2, fp );
  }
  Print( fp, 0 );
  return (ferror(fp) == 0);
}


void TiXmlDocument::CopyTo( TiXmlDocument* target ) const
{
  TiXmlNode::CopyTo( target );

  target->error = error;
  target->errorId = errorId;
  target->errorDesc = errorDesc;
  target->tabsize = tabsize;
  target->errorLocation = errorLocation;
  target->useMicrosoftBOM = useMicrosoftBOM;

  TiXmlNode* node = nullptr;
  for ( node = firstChild; node; node = node->NextSibling() )
  {
    target->LinkEndChild( node->Clone() );
  } 
}


TiXmlNode* TiXmlDocument::Clone() const
{
  TiXmlDocument* clone = new TiXmlDocument();
  if ( !clone )
    return nullptr;

  CopyTo( clone );
  return clone;
}


void TiXmlDocument::Print( FILE* cfile, int depth ) const
{
  assert( cfile );
  for ( const TiXmlNode* node=FirstChild(); node; node=node->NextSibling() )
  {
    node->Print( cfile, depth );
    fprintf( cfile, "\n" );
  }
}


bool TiXmlDocument::Accept( TiXmlVisitor* visitor ) const
{
  if ( visitor->VisitEnter( *this ) )
  {
    for ( const TiXmlNode* node=FirstChild(); node; node=node->NextSibling() )
    {
      if ( !node->Accept( visitor ) )
        break;
    }
  }
  return visitor->VisitExit( *this );
}


const TiXmlAttribute* TiXmlAttribute::Next() const
{
  // We are using knowledge of the sentinel. The sentinel
  // have a value or name.
  if ( next->value.empty() && next->name.empty() )
    return nullptr;
  return next;
}

/*
TiXmlAttribute* TiXmlAttribute::Next()
{
  // We are using knowledge of the sentinel. The sentinel
  // have a value or name.
  if ( next->value.empty() && next->name.empty() )
    return 0;
  return next;
}
*/

const TiXmlAttribute* TiXmlAttribute::Previous() const
{
  // We are using knowledge of the sentinel. The sentinel
  // have a value or name.
  if ( prev->value.empty() && prev->name.empty() )
    return nullptr;
  return prev;
}

/*
TiXmlAttribute* TiXmlAttribute::Previous()
{
  // We are using knowledge of the sentinel. The sentinel
  // have a value or name.
  if ( prev->value.empty() && prev->name.empty() )
    return 0;
  return prev;
}
*/

void TiXmlAttribute::Print( FILE* cfile, int /*depth*/, TIXML_STRING* str ) const
{
  TIXML_STRING n, v;

  EncodeString( name, &n );
  EncodeString( value, &v );

  if (value.find ('\"') == TIXML_STRING::npos) {
    if ( cfile ) {
    fprintf (cfile, "%s=\"%s\"", n.c_str(), v.c_str() );
    }
    if ( str ) {
      (*str) += n; (*str) += "=\""; (*str) += v; (*str) += "\"";
    }
  }
  else {
    if ( cfile ) {
    fprintf (cfile, "%s='%s'", n.c_str(), v.c_str() );
    }
    if ( str ) {
      (*str) += n; (*str) += "='"; (*str) += v; (*str) += "'";
    }
  }
}


int TiXmlAttribute::QueryIntValue( int* ival ) const
{
  if ( TIXML_SSCANF( value.c_str(), "%d", ival ) == 1 )
    return TIXML_SUCCESS;
  return TIXML_WRONG_TYPE;
}

int TiXmlAttribute::QueryDoubleValue( double* dval ) const
{
  if ( TIXML_SSCANF( value.c_str(), "%lf", dval ) == 1 )
    return TIXML_SUCCESS;
  return TIXML_WRONG_TYPE;
}

void TiXmlAttribute::SetIntValue( int _value )
{
  char buf [64];
  #if defined(TIXML_SNPRINTF)   
    TIXML_SNPRINTF(buf, sizeof(buf), "%d", _value);
  #else
    sprintf (buf, "%d", _value);
  #endif
  SetValue (buf);
}

void TiXmlAttribute::SetDoubleValue( double _value )
{
  char buf [256];
  #if defined(TIXML_SNPRINTF)   
    TIXML_SNPRINTF( buf, sizeof(buf), "%g", _value);
  #else
    sprintf (buf, "%g", _value);
  #endif
  SetValue (buf);
}

int TiXmlAttribute::IntValue() const
{
  return atoi (value.c_str ());
}

double  TiXmlAttribute::DoubleValue() const
{
  return atof (value.c_str ());
}


TiXmlComment::TiXmlComment( const TiXmlComment& copy ) : TiXmlNode( TiXmlNode::TINYXML_COMMENT )
{
  copy.CopyTo( this );
}


void TiXmlComment::operator=( const TiXmlComment& base )
{
  Clear();
  base.CopyTo( this );
}


void TiXmlComment::Print( FILE* cfile, int depth ) const
{
  assert( cfile );
  for ( int i=0; i<depth; i++ )
  {
    fprintf( cfile,  "    " );
  }
  fprintf( cfile, "<!--%s-->", value.c_str() );
}


void TiXmlComment::CopyTo( TiXmlComment* target ) const
{
  TiXmlNode::CopyTo( target );
}


bool TiXmlComment::Accept( TiXmlVisitor* visitor ) const
{
  return visitor->Visit( *this );
}


TiXmlNode* TiXmlComment::Clone() const
{
  TiXmlComment* clone = new TiXmlComment();

  if ( !clone )
    return nullptr;

  CopyTo( clone );
  return clone;
}


void TiXmlText::Print( FILE* cfile, int depth ) const
{
  assert( cfile );
  if ( cdata )
  {
    int i;
    fprintf( cfile, "\n" );
    for ( i=0; i<depth; i++ ) {
      fprintf( cfile, "    " );
    }
    fprintf( cfile, "<![CDATA[%s]]>\n", value.c_str() );  // unformatted output
  }
  else
  {
    TIXML_STRING buffer;
    EncodeString( value, &buffer );
    fprintf( cfile, "%s", buffer.c_str() );
  }
}


void TiXmlText::CopyTo( TiXmlText* target ) const
{
  TiXmlNode::CopyTo( target );
  target->cdata = cdata;
}


bool TiXmlText::Accept( TiXmlVisitor* visitor ) const
{
  return visitor->Visit( *this );
}


TiXmlNode* TiXmlText::Clone() const
{ 
  TiXmlText* clone = nullptr;
  clone = new TiXmlText( "" );

  if ( !clone )
    return nullptr;

  CopyTo( clone );
  return clone;
}


TiXmlDeclaration::TiXmlDeclaration( const char * _version,
                  const char * _encoding,
                  const char * _standalone )
  : TiXmlNode( TiXmlNode::TINYXML_DECLARATION )
{
  version = _version;
  encoding = _encoding;
  standalone = _standalone;
}


#ifdef TIXML_USE_STL
TiXmlDeclaration::TiXmlDeclaration( const std::string& _version,
                  const std::string& _encoding,
                  const std::string& _standalone )
  : TiXmlNode( TiXmlNode::TINYXML_DECLARATION )
{
  version = _version;
  encoding = _encoding;
  standalone = _standalone;
}
#endif


TiXmlDeclaration::TiXmlDeclaration( const TiXmlDeclaration& copy )
  : TiXmlNode( TiXmlNode::TINYXML_DECLARATION )
{
  copy.CopyTo( this );  
}


void TiXmlDeclaration::operator=( const TiXmlDeclaration& copy )
{
  Clear();
  copy.CopyTo( this );
}


void TiXmlDeclaration::Print( FILE* cfile, int /*depth*/, TIXML_STRING* str ) const
{
  if ( cfile ) fprintf( cfile, "<?xml " );
  if ( str )   (*str) += "<?xml ";

  if ( !version.empty() ) {
    if ( cfile ) fprintf (cfile, "version=\"%s\" ", version.c_str ());
    if ( str ) { (*str) += "version=\""; (*str) += version; (*str) += "\" "; }
  }
  if ( !encoding.empty() ) {
    if ( cfile ) fprintf (cfile, "encoding=\"%s\" ", encoding.c_str ());
    if ( str ) { (*str) += "encoding=\""; (*str) += encoding; (*str) += "\" "; }
  }
  if ( !standalone.empty() ) {
    if ( cfile ) fprintf (cfile, "standalone=\"%s\" ", standalone.c_str ());
    if ( str ) { (*str) += "standalone=\""; (*str) += standalone; (*str) += "\" "; }
  }
  if ( cfile ) fprintf( cfile, "?>" );
  if ( str )   (*str) += "?>";
}


void TiXmlDeclaration::CopyTo( TiXmlDeclaration* target ) const
{
  TiXmlNode::CopyTo( target );

  target->version = version;
  target->encoding = encoding;
  target->standalone = standalone;
}


bool TiXmlDeclaration::Accept( TiXmlVisitor* visitor ) const
{
  return visitor->Visit( *this );
}


TiXmlNode* TiXmlDeclaration::Clone() const
{ 
  TiXmlDeclaration* clone = new TiXmlDeclaration();

  if ( !clone )
    return nullptr;

  CopyTo( clone );
  return clone;
}


void TiXmlUnknown::Print( FILE* cfile, int depth ) const
{
  for ( int i=0; i<depth; i++ )
    fprintf( cfile, "    " );
  fprintf( cfile, "<%s>", value.c_str() );
}


void TiXmlUnknown::CopyTo( TiXmlUnknown* target ) const
{
  TiXmlNode::CopyTo( target );
}


bool TiXmlUnknown::Accept( TiXmlVisitor* visitor ) const
{
  return visitor->Visit( *this );
}


TiXmlNode* TiXmlUnknown::Clone() const
{
  TiXmlUnknown* clone = new TiXmlUnknown();

  if ( !clone )
    return nullptr;

  CopyTo( clone );
  return clone;
}


TiXmlAttributeSet::TiXmlAttributeSet()
{
  sentinel.next = &sentinel;
  sentinel.prev = &sentinel;
}


TiXmlAttributeSet::~TiXmlAttributeSet()
{
  assert( sentinel.next == &sentinel );
  assert( sentinel.prev == &sentinel );
}


void TiXmlAttributeSet::Add( TiXmlAttribute* addMe )
{
    #ifdef TIXML_USE_STL
  assert( !Find( TIXML_STRING( addMe->Name() ) ) ); // Shouldn't be multiply adding to the set.
  #else
  assert( !Find( addMe->Name() ) ); // Shouldn't be multiply adding to the set.
  #endif

  addMe->next = &sentinel;
  addMe->prev = sentinel.prev;

  sentinel.prev->next = addMe;
  sentinel.prev      = addMe;
}

void TiXmlAttributeSet::Remove( TiXmlAttribute* removeMe )
{
  TiXmlAttribute* node;

  for( node = sentinel.next; node != &sentinel; node = node->next )
  {
    if ( node == removeMe )
    {
      node->prev->next = node->next;
      node->next->prev = node->prev;
      node->next = nullptr;
      node->prev = nullptr;
      return;
    }
  }
  assert( 0 );    // we tried to remove a non-linked attribute.
}


#ifdef TIXML_USE_STL
TiXmlAttribute* TiXmlAttributeSet::Find( const std::string& name ) const
{
  for( TiXmlAttribute* node = sentinel.next; node != &sentinel; node = node->next )
  {
    if ( node->name == name )
      return node;
  }
  return nullptr;
}

TiXmlAttribute* TiXmlAttributeSet::FindOrCreate( const std::string& _name )
{
  TiXmlAttribute* attrib = Find( _name );
  if ( !attrib ) {
    attrib = new TiXmlAttribute();
    Add( attrib );
    attrib->SetName( _name );
  }
  return attrib;
}
#endif


TiXmlAttribute* TiXmlAttributeSet::Find( const char* name ) const
{
  for( TiXmlAttribute* node = sentinel.next; node != &sentinel; node = node->next )
  {
    if ( strcmp( node->name.c_str(), name ) == 0 )
      return node;
  }
  return nullptr;
}


TiXmlAttribute* TiXmlAttributeSet::FindOrCreate( const char* _name )
{
  TiXmlAttribute* attrib = Find( _name );
  if ( !attrib ) {
    attrib = new TiXmlAttribute();
    Add( attrib );
    attrib->SetName( _name );
  }
  return attrib;
}


#ifdef TIXML_USE_STL  
std::istream& operator>> (std::istream & in, TiXmlNode & base)
{
  TIXML_STRING tag;
  tag.reserve( 8 * 1000 );
  base.StreamIn( &in, &tag );

  base.Parse( tag.c_str(), nullptr, TIXML_DEFAULT_ENCODING );
  return in;
}
#endif


#ifdef TIXML_USE_STL  
std::ostream& operator<< (std::ostream & out, const TiXmlNode & base)
{
  TiXmlPrinter printer;
  printer.SetStreamPrinting();
  base.Accept( &printer );
  out << printer.Str();

  return out;
}


std::string& operator<< (std::string& out, const TiXmlNode& base )
{
  TiXmlPrinter printer;
  printer.SetStreamPrinting();
  base.Accept( &printer );
  out.append( printer.Str() );

  return out;
}
#endif


TiXmlHandle TiXmlHandle::FirstChild() const
{
  if ( node )
  {
    TiXmlNode* child = node->FirstChild();
    if ( child )
      return TiXmlHandle( child );
  }
  return TiXmlHandle( nullptr );
}


TiXmlHandle TiXmlHandle::FirstChild( const char * value ) const
{
  if ( node )
  {
    TiXmlNode* child = node->FirstChild( value );
    if ( child )
      return TiXmlHandle( child );
  }
  return TiXmlHandle( nullptr );
}


TiXmlHandle TiXmlHandle::FirstChildElement() const
{
  if ( node )
  {
    TiXmlElement* child = node->FirstChildElement();
    if ( child )
      return TiXmlHandle( child );
  }
  return TiXmlHandle( nullptr );
}


TiXmlHandle TiXmlHandle::FirstChildElement( const char * value ) const
{
  if ( node )
  {
    TiXmlElement* child = node->FirstChildElement( value );
    if ( child )
      return TiXmlHandle( child );
  }
  return TiXmlHandle( nullptr );
}


TiXmlHandle TiXmlHandle::Child( int count ) const
{
  if ( node )
  {
    int i;
    TiXmlNode* child = node->FirstChild();
    for ( i=0;
        child && i<count;
        child = child->NextSibling(), ++i )
    {
      // nothing
    }
    if ( child )
      return TiXmlHandle( child );
  }
  return TiXmlHandle( nullptr );
}


TiXmlHandle TiXmlHandle::Child( const char* value, int count ) const
{
  if ( node )
  {
    int i;
    TiXmlNode* child = node->FirstChild( value );
    for ( i=0;
        child && i<count;
        child = child->NextSibling( value ), ++i )
    {
      // nothing
    }
    if ( child )
      return TiXmlHandle( child );
  }
  return TiXmlHandle( nullptr );
}


TiXmlHandle TiXmlHandle::ChildElement( int count ) const
{
  if ( node )
  {
    int i;
    TiXmlElement* child = node->FirstChildElement();
    for ( i=0;
        child && i<count;
        child = child->NextSiblingElement(), ++i )
    {
      // nothing
    }
    if ( child )
      return TiXmlHandle( child );
  }
  return TiXmlHandle( nullptr );
}


TiXmlHandle TiXmlHandle::ChildElement( const char* value, int count ) const
{
  if ( node )
  {
    int i;
    TiXmlElement* child = node->FirstChildElement( value );
    for ( i=0;
        child && i<count;
        child = child->NextSiblingElement( value ), ++i )
    {
      // nothing
    }
    if ( child )
      return TiXmlHandle( child );
  }
  return TiXmlHandle( nullptr );
}


bool TiXmlPrinter::VisitEnter( const TiXmlDocument& )
{
  return true;
}

bool TiXmlPrinter::VisitExit( const TiXmlDocument& )
{
  return true;
}

bool TiXmlPrinter::VisitEnter( const TiXmlElement& element, const TiXmlAttribute* firstAttribute )
{
  DoIndent();
  buffer += "<";
  buffer += element.Value();

  for( const TiXmlAttribute* attrib = firstAttribute; attrib; attrib = attrib->Next() )
  {
    buffer += " ";
    attrib->Print( nullptr, 0, &buffer );
  }

  if ( !element.FirstChild() ) 
  {
    buffer += " />";
    DoLineBreak();
  }
  else 
  {
    buffer += ">";
    if (    element.FirstChild()->ToText()
        && element.LastChild() == element.FirstChild()
        && element.FirstChild()->ToText()->CDATA() == false )
    {
      simpleTextPrint = true;
      // no DoLineBreak()!
    }
    else
    {
      DoLineBreak();
    }
  }
  ++depth;  
  return true;
}


bool TiXmlPrinter::VisitExit( const TiXmlElement& element )
{
  --depth;
  if ( !element.FirstChild() ) 
  {
    // nothing.
  }
  else 
  {
    if ( simpleTextPrint )
    {
      simpleTextPrint = false;
    }
    else
    {
      DoIndent();
    }
    buffer += "</";
    buffer += element.Value();
    buffer += ">";
    DoLineBreak();
  }
  return true;
}


bool TiXmlPrinter::Visit( const TiXmlText& text )
{
  if ( text.CDATA() )
  {
    DoIndent();
    buffer += "<![CDATA[";
    buffer += text.Value();
    buffer += "]]>";
    DoLineBreak();
  }
  else if ( simpleTextPrint )
  {
    TIXML_STRING str;
    TiXmlBase::EncodeString( text.ValueTStr(), &str );
    buffer += str;
  }
  else
  {
    DoIndent();
    TIXML_STRING str;
    TiXmlBase::EncodeString( text.ValueTStr(), &str );
    buffer += str;
    DoLineBreak();
  }
  return true;
}


bool TiXmlPrinter::Visit( const TiXmlDeclaration& declaration )
{
  DoIndent();
  declaration.Print( nullptr, 0, &buffer );
  DoLineBreak();
  return true;
}


bool TiXmlPrinter::Visit( const TiXmlComment& comment )
{
  DoIndent();
  buffer += "<!--";
  buffer += comment.Value();
  buffer += "-->";
  DoLineBreak();
  return true;
}


bool TiXmlPrinter::Visit( const TiXmlUnknown& unknown )
{
  DoIndent();
  buffer += "<";
  buffer += unknown.Value();
  buffer += ">";
  DoLineBreak();
  return true;
}